Summer travel checklist: 12 things to do to make your trip great


Summer is finally here, and now is the best time to plan ahead for all eventualities to ensure any upcoming travel goes smoothly.

If you need to book a trip for this summer, are currently in the planning phases or already have that big trip set, add these to-do items to your checklist.

Book your travel, and select seats now

CLINT HENDERSON/THE POINTS GUY

Although we’ve found many domestic and international flight deals for travel throughout the summer, you’ll likely find that booking last-minute airfare will still be expensive if you don’t take advantage of these sales as soon as they come up.

If you still need to book a flight for late June, July or August, it’s better to do so sooner rather than later, especially if heading abroad.

A great tool for finding deals is Google Flights. It allows you to set an alert for your ideal travel days and itineraries. You can then monitor prices for a week or two before pulling the trigger. Handily, Google Flights will also tell you the average airfare for your journey and whether the price you’re being offered is a good one; you’ll also receive an email if the price drops drastically and you’ve signed up for alerts.

GOOGLE FLIGHTS

While there’s technically no magical best day to book flights, statistically speaking, traveling midweek or on Saturdays usually gives you the greatest chance to score the cheapest flights.

If you book your flight and see the price drops ahead of your departure date, you can cancel your original flight and rebook it at a lower price, depending on your fare type. If you’re unable to get a full cash refund, you may be able to get a flight credit — check the terms of your booking and chat with your airline if you’re unsure.

There are also new tools that use artificial intelligence to watch your flights and automatically issue you trip credits. I’ve used both pAiback and Junova and have saved nearly $1,000 this year already.

Another thing to do when booking is to choose your airline seats in advance of flying. The longer you wait, the more packed the plane will get and the fewer seat choices will be available.

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Similarly, if you reserve a hotel room, make sure it’s refundable so you can rebook it at a lower rate if you see the price drop. This logic also applies when booking with points.

Triple-check your passport expiration date

This may seem obvious, but it is always important to check your passport expiration date before an international trip. Most countries require at least six months of validity.

Additionally, you’ll need to factor in how long it takes to renew your passport. As of May, the U.S. Department of State has told travelers to expect a four- to six-week turnaround time for passport renewals and two to three weeks for expedited service.

Current passport processing wait times. TRAVEL.STATE.GOV
Current passport processing wait times. STATE DEPARTMENT

Some countries require at least one or two empty pages in your passport if you need a visa, so, in addition to making sure your passport hasn’t expired, ensure you have enough blank pages. For example, one empty page is required for Mexico, Canada and many European countries, while two are necessary for countries such as China and South Africa.

Related: Can you renew online? Yes, you can: Online passport renewal is now widely available

Sign up for TSA PreCheck

tsa line
TSA PreCheck entrance inside Terminal 1 at Raleigh-Durham International Airport (RDU) in North Carolina. SEAN CUDAHY/THE POINTS GUY

TSA PreCheck is an expedited airport security program administered by the U.S. government in which prescreened, low-risk travelers use a designated security line rather than the regular Transportation Security Administration line at the airport. Approximately 99% of TSA PreCheck passengers pass through security in 10 minutes or less, according to the TSA.

TSA PreCheck travelers do not need to remove liquids or electronics from their carry-on luggage or remove their shoes, belts or light jackets before passing through metal detectors.

A five-year TSA PreCheck membership starts at $76.75 per person, but many credit cards offer up to a $120 statement credit for the application fees associated with TSA PreCheck or Global Entry as long as you pay for your membership with that card.

Nearly 50 cards cover TSA PreCheck (and/or Global Entry) fees, including:

If you have several international trips coming up, you may want to apply for Global Entry instead of TSA PreCheck. Global Entry is a U.S. Customs and Border Protection program allowing expedited reentry into America after international travel. A Global Entry membership includes TSA PreCheck, so it may be worth the higher fee if your summer travel plans include some international trips.

While going through the express security lane does come with an extra cost, it can significantly reduce the time it takes to get from the ticket counter to your departure gate. This is especially important during busy travel times like Memorial Day weekend, Independence Day weekend and Labor Day weekend.

Enroll in Clear

Oakland San Francisco Bay Airport (OAK) Clear boarding e-gate.
CLINT HENDERSON/THE POINTS GUY

Although some airports like Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) still have long lines even when you use Clear+, being a member of this program can often save you a ton of time at airports like New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) and San Francisco International Airport (SFO).

But what exactly is this program?

Like TSA PreCheck and Global Entry, Clear is an expedited security program available at more than 60 airports and other venues, with more than 41 million members. Plus, travelers can now also enroll in TSA PreCheck at Clear lanes at more than a dozen airports.

To sign up for Clear, you’ll need to allow the company to catalog bio-identifying features (which Clear does through fingerprint and iris scans) to automate the identity verification step in the TSA screening process. Once enrolled, you can enter a separate (often shorter) security lane with speedier access to the TSA agents and security screening. You’ll need to scan your eyes before a Clear representative escorts you to the front of the line for the traditional security screening machines.

CLINT HENDERSON/THE POINTS GUY

Clear+ costs $209 per year, making it much pricier than a five-year membership for TSA PreCheck or Global Entry. However, some elite members are eligible for reduced or even waived membership fees.

If you have Delta SkyMiles elite status (Diamond Medallion or Delta 360) or United MileagePlus elite status (United Premier 1K or United Global Services), you can enroll in Clear at a substantially reduced rate. Delta Platinum, Gold and Silver Medallion members and United Premier Platinum, Gold and Silver members can pay a reduced rate of $169 annually. Even entry-level Delta SkyMiles and United MileagePlus members qualify for a discounted rate of $199 a year.

Some credit cards will also give you a statement credit for Clear.

Anyone with the Delta SkyMiles® Gold American Express Card, the Delta SkyMiles® Platinum American Express Card or the Delta SkyMiles® Reserve American Express Card can pay $169 per year for the service.

Additionally, you can get up to a $209 statement credit for Clear+ membership via these American Express cards (enrollment required):

The information for the American Express Green Card has been collected independently by The Points Guy. The card details on this page have not been reviewed or provided by the card issuer.

Check your Global Entry membership to make sure it’s valid

global entry kiosk sign
CLINT HENDERSON/THE POINTS GUY

If you use Global Entry to enter the U.S. after an international trip, you already know that it can make the immigration process very speedy. Global Entry works for both land ports of entry (like border crossings for Canada and Mexico) and airports. It’s valid for five years.

Before you travel, check your Global Entry card for the expiration date. The expiration date for your Global Entry membership (which always falls on your birthday following the fifth anniversary of your approval date) appears both in your online account and on the back of your Global Entry card.

As a reminder, children cannot go through Global Entry lanes with a parent without membership. Remember that select credit cards offer Global Entry credits, so your membership may be free.

Related: How to renew Global Entry membership

Be Real ID ready

A TSA checkpoint in Terminal 3 of Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport (ORD). SEAN CUDAHY/THE POINTS GUY

Real ID is a government-approved identity document that was required to fly as of May 7, 2025. Hopefully, you already have a compliant form of identification. You can tell if your driver’s license or ID is Real ID-compliant by looking for the star in the upper right or left corner, as shown in the image above.

If you don’t have a Real ID-compliant ID, there are a few work-arounds that will allow you to fly until you obtain a Real ID.

For example, you can use a valid passport book or card, a state-issued enhanced driver’s license, a Global Entry card or one of the following:

  • Permanent resident card
  • U.S. Department of Defense ID
  • Border-crossing card
  • Federally recognized, tribal-issued photo ID
  • HSPD-12 personal identity verification card (federal employees and contractors)
  • Foreign government-issued passport
  • Canadian provincial driver’s license or Indian and Northern Affairs Canada card
  • Transportation worker identification credential
  • U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services employment authorization card (I-766)
  • U.S. merchant mariner credential

If you are traveling with one of the above noncompliant documents, we recommend also bringing additional identifying documents, like a bank statement and a Social Security card, to further prove your identity. Without a Real ID, you could still technically be denied boarding, but having multiple forms of ID should help.

There’s also a government program called ConfirmID, but it will cost you $45.

Download your airline’s mobile app

United App Update
UNITED AIRLINES

Regardless of which airline you are flying, it’s essential to install the carrier’s app on your phone.

Before you leave home, download the airline’s app, log in to your account and set up push notifications so you’ll quickly know if there are any changes to your reservation. This will ensure you receive updates about your flight as soon as they’re made available, which is especially helpful during irregular operations where updates will sometimes appear before they are announced at the airport.

In situations involving delays or cancellations, having easy access to your airline’s mobile app can be a huge help. In addition to receiving flight change notifications in one easy-to-access spot on your phone, you can track your flight. Some airline apps will even let you track your checked luggage, request to be placed on standby for an earlier flight, rebook yourself if something goes wrong with your original flight and chat with a live customer service agent should you need assistance.

You’ll also see upgrade offers in the app.

Double-check lounge access policies

Tokyo Haneda Amex Centurion Lounge
CLINT HENDERSON/THE POINTS GUY

A lot has changed recently when it comes to airport lounges. As such, you’ll want to read up on airport lounge access, including guest restrictions, before you set out on your summer travels.

For example, just because you could bring the rest of your travel party into the lounge with you as guests last summer doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll be able to do that this time around.

For example, American Express cardholders with Centurion Lounge access can only bring up to two guests for no additional cost if they hit a $75,000 minimum spending requirement on their eligible American Express card annually. Alternatively, you can pay to bring guests into the lounge (children under 2 are free).

Delta Air Lines has also tightened entry rules for its network of Sky Clubs. Now, SkyMiles members who get Delta lounge access via a cobranded credit card have a set number of annual club visits they can make (between 10 and 15, depending on which card you carry). If you run out of visits, you can still enter the lounge for $50 per visit. Or, you can pay your way to unlimited Sky Club visits through the end of the following Medallion year (Jan. 31) if you spend $75,000 or more during a calendar year on one of the eligible credit cards.

Similarly, United Airlines introduced more restrictive access rules to its United Club lounges. Travelers using a one-time pass can only enter a United Club up to three hours before their flight’s scheduled departure time (this does not apply to connections, only departures), and they cannot share one-time passes with other travelers.

Your best bet for guaranteeing lounge access is a Priority Pass lounge membership. Many U.S. credit cards offer Priority Pass access benefits called Priority Pass Select. Typically, two guests can accompany you to the Priority Pass lounge for free, though this can vary based on specific lounge policies and which card you carry.

Book high-demand activities as soon as possible

Yosemite firefall
GARRETT TARANGO/GETTY IMAGES

No matter where your travels take you this summer, others are likely headed to the same vacation hot spots as you. National parks, cabanas, tours and even theme park restaurants book up early for summer dates. Fortunately, there are a few tips for snagging reservations before they sell out.

National parks

Certain national parks, including Haleakala and Rocky Mountain, require advance reservations to manage crowds. Other parks may require you to book select activities before you arrive.

Check each official national park website to ensure you have the latest information about the parks you plan to visit.

Related: Giant sequoias and red rock canyons: 7 state parks with national park-worthy wonders and smaller crowds

Tours and attractions

As temperatures rise, so does the number of travelers wanting to visit or take guided tours of popular attractions — some require advance reservations or timed-entry tickets for guests.

For example, most of Washington, D.C.’s Smithsonian museums are free to visit, but a few require timed-entry passes that you can acquire in advance. Other must-dos, such as tours of government buildings like the U.S. Capitol, are free to visit but do not accept walk-ups; you’ll need to request a tour through the official online reservation system.

Disney tickets and restaurant reservations

Disneyland Resort 70th Anniversary Character Costumes (Disney)
Character costumes for Disneyland’s 70th anniversary. CHRISTIAN THOMPSON/DISNEYLAND RESORT

Disneyland still requires theme park reservations in addition to purchasing a ticket. However, Disney World no longer requires reservations unless you have an annual pass or purchase certain promotional tickets.

It’s unlikely that every park will sell out on any given day, but it is possible that the park you want to visit will run out of entry slots. Because of this, it’s vital that you purchase your tickets and make your reservations far in advance if you have your heart set on visiting a certain park during the busy summer months.

Related: Disney World discounts: Free dining plans, hotel deals and ticket discounts that can save you hundreds

Likewise, reservations for popular Disneyland and Disney World restaurants often book up faster than you can say “Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo,” despite the fact that they’re available 60 days in advance. As a result, you’ll want to lock in your dining reservations as soon as possible, especially if you are planning a princess dinner at Cinderella’s Royal Table or want to indulge in a space-age cocktail at Oga’s Cantina.

Beach and poolside cabanas

Unfortunately, you can’t reserve shaded poolside cabanas with cushioned loungers and fully stocked coolers by throwing your towel over a chair and hoping everybody else who walks by will think it’s already taken.

Typically, you can reserve cabanas on the day of your visit, but during busy times of the year, you may want to do it beforehand. This doesn’t just include hotels; you’ll also want to remember to do this for cruises and water parks.

Know your rights

What happens if something goes wrong when you’re traveling?

You should know what you are entitled to if your airline delays or cancels a trip based on rules outlined by the Department of Transportation.

In general, if the airline cancels your flight, you are entitled to a full cash refund. Don’t just accept a voucher for future travel (unless you are sure you can use it).

Delays can be a bit more complicated. You are not necessarily guaranteed a refund in the event of a long delay, but new rules put into place better define how long a delay can last to be considered “significant” and require a cash refund.

Related: Know your rights and protect your privacy: What citizens need to know about reentering the US

Additionally, depending on how you booked your trip, you’ll want to know about any credit card protections that may apply. Some travel credit cards offer compensation in the event of a canceled or long-delayed flight.

For example, the American Express Platinum Card provides trip cancellation and interruption insurance* for up to $20,000 of a covered trip and incident ($10,000 per covered trip and a maximum of $20,000 per eligible card in a 12-month period).

If you realize your flight is likely to be delayed, know that standing in line isn’t the only way you can get rebooked (though you may want to try that, too). You can also check the airline’s app, visit an airport kiosk, call the airline or reach out via the airline’s social media channels for rebooking options. If you decide to call and are stuck on a long hold, try dialing an international number for faster service.

Some airlines also now have chat features.

Ultimately, you are your best advocate when things go wrong; knowing the rules and your rights will help you get out of a bind when the unexpected happens.

*Eligibility and benefit level varies by card. Terms, conditions and limitations apply. Visit americanexpress.com/benefitsguide for details. Policies are underwritten by New Hampshire Insurance Company, an AIG Company.

Consider purchasing travel insurance

Allianz travel insurance pricing
ALLIANZ TRAVEL INSURANCE

Travel insurance may be worth paying for, especially if you are traveling internationally. Before investing in travel insurance, though, check if it’s already covered with one of your credit cards. Many premium cards offer trip interruption, delay or cancellation insurance, so you may not need to buy a separate policy.

However, in some cases, you may still want to buy extra insurance for added peace of mind. Depending on your chosen policy, you may receive coverage for situations like medical evacuations or illnesses that cause last-minute cancellations (many of which are part of “cancel for any reason” policies).

Related: The best travel insurance policies and providers

Get a credit card that pays for your bags

Airline baggage fees can quickly add up, particularly for families and those taking trips that require a lot of gear or more items than can fit in a carry-on bag. Airlines have been busy raising bag fees recently.

Airline checked baggage fees vary greatly, with most starting around $45 for the first checked bag. Depending on how many bags you check, bringing luggage for yourself and your family can easily add hundreds of dollars to your travel costs.

Luckily, there are a few ways you can avoid paying baggage fees. One of the easiest involves having the right credit card in your wallet.

Some cards, including most cobranded airline cards, offer free checked bags. That means that travelers who are loyal to a particular airline can benefit from waived checked bag fees and earn additional points or miles just by paying for their flights with a certain credit card.

Keep in mind that the rules regarding how many free checked bags are allowed under the benefit vary by card. Even if only one bag is covered, the money you save can go toward other vacation expenses, such as ride-hailing services, meals and attraction fees.

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User Interface Developers, undoubtedly, belong at the top of the hierarchical chain of the IT industry owing to their complex role and high paying salary. A UI Developer must consider many factors to develop a web application or software. One primary requirement of the job is creativity. A User Interface Developer employs logical thinking and a few psychological concepts to stimulate audio and visual senses to create a software that is understandable, easy to use and pleasing to the eye. The job also includes technical knowledge and skill as the core to designing and developing a software that is not only flawless in design but also informative in the way that it provides the user with the solution he is looking for to deliver the best User Experience. 

Below is a curated list of some of the User Interface Developer questions most frequently asked by the interviewers in a UI Developer Interview process, including Markup languages, HTML, Semantic elements, Scripting, Storage and many other questions covering concepts from a Beginner to an Advanced level.

Most Frequently Asked UI Developer Interview Question and Answers

What is the role of a UI Developer?

Ans : UI Developer is responsible for creating functional User Interfaces that are convenient, meet the user’s needs and are easy to access, understand and interact with to receive or give a response.

What is the difference between a UI Developer and a UX Developer?

Ans: UI Developer is mostly responsible with the appearance and design of the app, the aesthetics. Colours, patterns, designs and other elements that make an application appear attractive to the end user. On the other hand, a UX Developer is responsible for the technicalities that ensure the functioning and expected performance of an app to deliver enhanced user experience.

What is the difference between a UI Developer and Front-end Developer?

Ans : The UI Developers focus on making an application user-friendly and engaging while the Front-end Developers test and work on the client-side interface in detail to ensure its proper functioning.

What kind of skills do you think are crucial for a UI Developer?

Ans : UI Developers must possess two sets of skills:

Hard Skills – HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Wireframing & Prototyping, Coding, Interaction Designing, Visual Communication.

Soft Skills – Curiosity, Analytics, Communication, Logical thinking, Creativity, and Copywriting.

  Become a UiPath Certified professional by learning this HKR UI Developer Training !

Name three ways to reduce a page’s load time?

Ans : Page load time can be reduced by trimming down JavaScript parsing, minimizing redirects, and compressing files. 

What is HTML?

Ans : The HyperText Markup Language or HTML is a  markup language that helps create a basic structure for a webpage to display the required content and other elements.

What is Semantic HTML?

Ans : Semantic HTML or Semantic Markup, are tags that classify the text and separate it from other Semantic elements to clarify the intent of the content in the webpage and the webpage itself. 

Explain the difference between the and tags.

Ans : A tag is used to bold the selected words and are mostly for conventional writing formats whereas, the tag stresses on the importance of the words and emphasizes not only the word but also highlights the semantics.  

Name at least three position property attributes.

Ans : Absolute, Fixed, Relative, Inherent and Static are position property attributes.

. Explain the differences between the quartet of position properties: Relative, Absolute, Static, and Fixed.

Ans : Static – an undeclared position for an element automatically files the element as static in the CSS. Static positioning is the default position.  

  • Relative – relative elements’ position can be changed from the current position based on the space you mention. 
  • Absolute – an absolute positioning allows the placement of any page element anywhere you want it by using the position attributes to set a location. 
  • Fixed – a fixed page element is rooted to the same spot even when you scroll up or down.

. Explain Web Accessibility.

Ans : Web Accessibility is a feature that enables the differently-abled persons to comprehend, interact, and navigate the web. 

. What is JavaScript Hoisting?

Ans : In JavaScript, Hoisting allows all declarations to be moved to the top of the scope before code execution, irrespective of where the  functions and variables are declared.

. What is the difference between HTML and XHTML?

Ans : HyperText Markup Language or HTML is SGML based while Extensible HyperText Markup Language XHTML is XML based. All  content in the HTML can be put in the body but it  needs  to be separated into blocks in XHTML. In short, XHTML is more intensive on structure, conditions and format than HTML. 

. Explain the difference between Local Storage, Session Storage, and Cookies.

Ans :

  • Local Storage – Local Storage provides maximum storage and is cleared when a page or private tab is closed but the data does not expire.
  • Session Storage –  In Session Storage, Pages are only stored for the amount of time the browser or tab is open. The data is cleared as soon as the tab or browser is closed. 
  • Cookies – Cookies store activity information on a server for delivering a personalized experience.

. Discuss the differences between a document and a window.

Ans : A Window object is the first object of the DOM hierarchy. A Document object is within the Window object. HTML elements are accessed through the Document object.

. Does HTML require a compiler?

Ans : Compilers are programs that convert a programming language code into machine code. Considering HTML is a Markup language and not a programming language, it does not require a compiler.  

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. How do floats work?

Ans : Floats help navigate elements to the sides and generally include one of the following four values: 

  • Inherited – the parent’s float value is inherited by an element.  
  • None – since no value is defined, the element stands at the default value and doesn’t float. 
  • Left – The element floats completely to the left side of the container. 
  • Right – The element floats completely to the right side of the container. 

. Name three plugins available in the Bootstrap jQuery plugin library.

Ans : The plugins available in the Bootstrap jQuery plugin library include: 

Alert

Affix, Button, Carousel, Collapse, Dropdown, Modal, Popover, Scrollspy, Tab, Tooltip

. What CSS class should be employed to span 14 columns on medium-sized screens, and eight columns on large screens?

Ans : The CSS class: class=”col-md-14 col-lg-8” should be used.  

. How do you verify if a variable is set in PHP?

Ans : To verify if a variable is set the command !isset($var); can be used.  

. When an error is encountered, how do you differentiate between require () and include ()?

Ans : The require () function stops executing the script when an error is encountered but in the include () function the application continues without a fatal error. 

. What is a CSS reset? How do you differentiate it from normalize.css?

Ans : CSS Resets remove all the default styling on the elements in the browser while a Normalize CSS does not remove the default styling settings. 

. What is an AJAX request, and how can an AJAX request be used?

Ans : Asynchronous Java Script And XML or AJAX requests that provide the user the required data. AJAX calls connect with the servers by using XMLHttpRequests to exchange the data.  

. How do you use HTML5 new tags in IE version eight and earlier?

Ans : The new HTML5 tags are not supported by IE7 and IE8. Using HTML5 tags in IE7 or IE8 would cause errors and result in glitches. Instead, html5shiv.js can be used to run the tags in older browsers.

. What are the effects methods used in jQuery?

Ans :Some effects methods used in jQuery include: 

  • show() – the selected elements are displayed by this feature. 
  • hide() – it causes the selected items to be hidden. 
  • toggle() – it is used to check the visibility of the elements and toggles between the show() and hide() for the selected elements.

. List the types of filters in AngularJS.

Ans :The filters used in AngularJS are 

  • number – formats the numeric data
  • currency – formats numbers into the specified currency 
  • date -formats the date into the prescribed format
  • uppercase – converts a string into uppercase
  • lowercase – converts a string into lowercase
  • filter – filters array in the criteria specified
  • orderby – arrays are ordered by expressions 
  • Json – formats JavaScript objects into JSON strings
  • limit – limits an array to a number of elements

. How do you optimize a website’s assets?

Ans : A website’s assets can be optimized in the following ways: 

  • File compression 
  • File concatenation 
  • Offloading assets 
  • CDN hosting 
  • Code refining and reorganizing.

. What does DOCTYPE mean?

Ans :The DOCTYPE determines the HTML type used on a webpage and a browser uses DOCTYPE to determine how the page is to be rendered or displayed.  

. Explain the difference between standards mode and quirks mode.

Ans :Standards mode was invented to adapt to the modern HTML and CSS specifications whereas, in Quirks mode, the body element is the primary element. Quirks mode is for older browsers.

. What are the limitations to XHTML pages?

Ans :One major limitation faced by XHTML is the lack of browser support. Many browsers cannot parse XHTML as XML, making it a less used Markup language.  

. How to make comments without the text being picked up by the browser?

Ans : Comments starting with “*” and ending with “->” are used to prevent a code from being recognized by the browser.

If you have any doubts on UI Developer, then get them clarified from UI Developer Industry experts on our UI Developer Tutorial !

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. What is the difference between linking to an image, website, and an email address?

Ans :

  • Tags are used to link an image. 
  • The anchor tag is used for hyperlinking and the link must be specified in the href attribute. 
  • The href specification “mailto:send@here.com”  is used to link an email address.

. What would you do when a hyperlink or image is displayed incorrectly?

Ans :The following mistakes cause the image or link to be displayed incorrectly: 

. What is the syntax difference between a numbered list and a bulleted list?

Ans :Bulleted lists are accompanied by the unordered list

      tag. Ordered lists are accompanied by

 

. What is meant by a responsive website?

Ans :A website that functions at any screen resolution and on any system or device such as PC, mobile, laptop, etc., and adjusts to a readable size and is understandable by a user is a responsive website. 

. How do you access a get requests URL parameter with Php?

Ans :To access a get request URL parameter, the Php is: $_GET[“turkey”] 

. What are the new elements in HTML?

Ans :The new HTML elements are graphic tags, semantic tags, and multimedia. Semantic tags include figure, header, footer, and mark. Graphic tags include audio and canvas.  

. Is JavaScript a case-sensitive language?

Ans :When writing in JavaScript, a developer is required to follow the consistent variables, function names, capitalization of letters, and other identifiers to avoid errors in functioning.  

. Explain the layout of HTML in detail.

Ans : HTML layout specifies how the webpage is to be arranged. The HTML5 elements used to define the parts of a webpage are 

  • : it defines the header of a document or a section. 
  • : it defines or specifies a section in the document. 
  • : it defines an independent article. 
  • : it defines the footer of the document.

. Write a JavaScript code to find specific objects in an array of objects.

Ans :Use the JavaScript “find” method. The specific objects can be found by using the code given below: 

let customers = [

  { id: 0, name: 'jane' },

  { id: 1, name: 'tim' },

  { id: 2, name: 'maria' }

];

let customer = customers.find(cust => cust.name === 'maria');

console.log(customer);

--> { id: 2, name: 'maria' }

. What are the ways to improve page performance?

Ans. You can follow the following ways to improve the performance of a web page.:-

  • Always clear cache
  • Minimize the size of the images
  • Make the code fit for mobile browsing
  • Compress HTTP
  • Reduce redirects

. How can a new variable be declared in PHP equal to the number 5?

Ans. To declare a new variable in PHP equal to the number 5 is $number = 5;

. Define the Semantic element’s importance?

Ans. The below reasons will let you know about the importance of Semantic elements.:-

  • These elements structure the code and make it more accessible and consistent for users. 
  • If the semantic elements are used by developers, search engines, and other assisting technologies, then the content and the context should be understandable.
  • Also, the semantic elements enhance the code’s readability, making the developer’s work much easier and quicker.

. Distinguish between the elements Inline, Block, and Inline-block.

Ans. 

Inline: The inline elements in HTML do not begin with the new line; instead, they occur in the same line. In this element, we can add some space to the left and right on it instead of adding space to the bottom & top padding to the page. Examples include span, strong, mark, etc. 

Inline-block: The inline-block elements are similar to inline elements, but they allow the spaces on all sides.

Block: The element block will always begin with a new line. It fills both the left and right spaces of the web page by adding padding and margins. Examples of block elements include div, p, etc.

. Define CSS.

Ans. CSS means Cascading Style Sheets which describe the web pages’ styles which consist of fonts, colors, layouts, etc. We can also define variations and layouts for different types of screens. Moreover, CSS is also useful for XML-based markup languages apart from HTML.

. Distinguish between HTML Tags and HTML Elements.

Ans. HTML tags define the format of content and its display on the web browser. These tags include the components like content, open, and ending tags. On the other hand, HTML elements inform the web browser how to display the text. Further, these elements will become tags when we use brackets <>.

. What are the key benefits of CSS?

Ans. The following are a few of the many benefits of CSS. 

  • It offers users good control over the web page layout.
  • The style files under CSS are made independently of the HTML, so the file size will be smaller.
  • Due to less coding, the files will load much faster. Thus, it increases the website speed.
  • It offers to format changes easily.
  • CSS compatible works across devices.
  • It allows a single CSS to replicate through different web pages, reducing development time.

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. What is meant by event bubbling and event capturing?

Ans. Event bubbling is a procedure of event propagation inside the HTML DOM API. As the event is launched, the element bubbles up the DOM tree. Here we call the child node first, then the parent node. On the other hand, event capturing is different from event bubbling. It is the opposite of event bubbling, where the parent node is called first, then the child node.

. Define the use of and tags.

Ans. The tag is an element used to give an Italic look at the text, whereas the tag is an emphasis element that defines the emphasized text.

. What is meant by the CSS Box Model?

Ans. The CSS Box Model is a type of box that wraps the HTML element. It consists of the assets like actual content, borders, margin, padding, etc. It is all about the design and layout that helps develop a web page’s structure and design.

About Author

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Kavya works for HKR Trainings institute as a technical writer with diverse experience in many kinds of technology-related content development. She holds a graduate education in the Computer science and Engineering stream. She has cultivated strong technical skills from reading tech blogs and also doing a lot of research related to content. She manages to write great content in many fields like Programming & Frameworks, Enterprise Integration, Web Development, SAP, and Business Process Management (BPM). Connect her on LinkedIn and Twitter.

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