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What To Know About Prader–Willi Syndrome



Medically reviewed by Daniel Combs, MD

  • Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder that causes a variety of symptoms, including constant feelings of hunger that can lead to overeating and obesity.
  • Other possible symptoms include poor motor skills, short height, underdeveloped sex organs, and mild cognitive disabilities. 
  • Treatment options may include growth hormone injections, regular exercise, and a plan to monitor eating. Behavioral therapy may also be helpful.

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder that causes constant feelings of hunger, as well as poor muscle tone and low levels of sex hormones. People with PWS are at risk of overeating and developing obesity because their brains never tell them that they are full. While there is no cure for PWS, there are ways to manage it. 

Prader-Willi Syndrome Symptoms

Prader-Willi Syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects several aspects of mental and physical health. The symptoms and their severity can vary from person to person. The symptoms can also be different as the person ages.

Infants with PWS may have the following symptoms:

  • Poor muscle tone (the baby appears “floppy”)
  • Lethargy 
  • A weak cry 
  • Trouble sucking 
  • Long, narrow head 
  • Narrow forehead 
  • Almond-shaped eyes
  • A narrow bridge of the nose 
  • A thin upper lip and downturned mouth
  • Undescended testes in babies assigned male at birth 

As a child with PWS gets older, they may experience the following symptoms:

  • Poor motor skills
  • Delayed milestones 
  • Short height
  • Small hands and feet 
  • Curved spine (scoliosis) 
  • Weight gain
  • Underdeveloped sex organs
  • Some learning disabilities 
  • Behavioral issues 
  • Sleep problems 

Children, adolescents, and adults with PWS feel very hungry and do not feel satisfied after eating, known as hyperphagia. They typically eat a large amount of food. It is common for people with PWS to overeat and quickly gain weight. 

What Causes Prader-Willi Syndrome?

Prader-Willi Syndrome occurs when certain genes in chromosome 15 don't function properly. Most people inherit one copy of chromosome 15 from each parent. The copy from the father (paternal copy) usually has some genes that are active and some that are inactive. 

About 70% of PWS cases happen when a specific section of the paternal copy of chromosome 15 is deleted. When genes on chromosome 15 can't function normally, they lead to DNA changes that cause PWS symptoms. 

The genetic mutation that causes PWS is believed to be random in most cases. Most people with PWS did not inherit the disorder from their parents, and it does not usually run in families. PWS is rare, affecting about 1 in 10,000-30,000 people worldwide.  

Diagnosis

In most cases, healthcare providers diagnose Prader-Willi Syndrome after noticing physical signs in a newborn. Newborns who have poor muscle tone, feel floppy in your arms, and have trouble eating may require PWS testing. 

Early diagnosis is critical to starting early treatment and special needs programs. To diagnose PWS, healthcare providers perform genetic testing to look for abnormalities in chromosome 15. Genetic testing can also help parents understand if future children could be at risk. 

Treatments for Prader-Willi Syndrome

There is no cure for Prader-Willi Syndrome. People with PWS require lifelong care and support. 

PWS treatment options for newborns and infants usually focus on addressing their feeding difficulties. An infant with PWS will likely need a special bottle nipple or tube feedings to receive enough nutrition. 

As a child gets older and their appetite increases dramatically, they require help managing their food. Children with PWS need strict supervision when it comes to eating. Many parents need to put locks on their pantries and refrigerators to prevent their children from constantly eating. A dietitian or nutritionist can help develop a healthy eating plan for the child. 

Most children with PWS benefit from participating in an early intervention special needs program. This may include speech therapy, occupational therapy, and special education. 

Other treatment options for PWS include:

  • Growth hormone (GH) therapy: People with PWS have low GH levels. GH therapy can help increase their height and muscle mass. It can also improve motor skills and flexibility. 
  • Medications: Some people with PWS benefit from taking a serotonin reuptake inhibitor to address behavioral challenges. 
  • Sex hormone therapy: Because people with PWS have low levels of sex hormones, they may require hormonal therapy or corrective surgery to treat small genitals. 
  • Ophthalmology care: People with PWS often have trouble focusing their eyes and may need to see an ophthalmologist regularly. 
  • Orthopedic care: Because PWS causes the spine to curve to the side, most people need to see an orthopedist regularly. 
  • Physical therapy: Working with a physical therapist can help with muscle weakness and developmental milestones. 
  • Behavioral therapy: Children with PWS often have behavioral problems, including angry outbursts and obsessive-compulsive behavior. Working with a therapist to implement boundaries can be helpful. 

Related Conditions

Prader-Willi Syndrome causes a person to feel incredibly hungry even after eating. This significantly raises the risk of overeating, weight gain, and obesity. Obesity raises the risk of several chronic health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and obstructive sleep apnea. 

People with PWS have such a strong urge to eat that they may consume spoiled food or even garbage. This puts them at risk for foodborne illness and other infections. If left unattended, their binge eating could cause gastrointestinal complications, such as a tear in the intestinal wall. 

To avoid these complications, people with PWS need constant supervision around food. 

Living With Prader-Willi Syndrome

Prader-Willi Syndrome is a lifelong disorder. People with PWS need supervision and specialized care through adulthood. Adults with PWS often live in a group home with supervision and structure. This can help them avoid issues like overeating. 



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Google Data Studio vs Power BI


What is Power BI?

Power BI is one of the popular business intelligence tools developed by Microsoft Corporation to offer various data modeling capabilities like data preparations, data visualizations, data discovery, and generating interactive data analytic dashboards. With the help of Power BI users can make powerful business-related decisions. This Power BI tool helps users to pull the data using various formats such as images, excel sheets, spreadsheets, and videos. The Power BI tool also helps to centralize the database management system, and you can also visualize the data model on it.

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What is Google data studio?

Google data studio is an easy-to-use tool that is used to create a beautiful data visualization within a minute. This is a cloud-based application that can be run on the various top web browsers like chrome, safari, and firefox. This type of tool is able to deliver stunning, and insightful reports without much action from the user. Google data studio also comes up with a free-to-use license for personal or commercial use. With the help of Google data studio dashboard, you can access various types of charts such as charts, bars, pie, lines, Areas, scatter, etc, and this also adds up value to the data reports.

Comparison of Power BI and Google data studio:

Here we are going to explain the major comparison between power BI and Google data studio based on a few functionalities. Let’s start it;

Installation:

Power BI tool has a number of ways to install or configure it, and it all depends on the license. The basic, and very best way to install Power BI as a desktop application on your desktop. Power BI application is quick and straightforward so all you need is just a modern PC with 4GB of RAM (ideally 8GB of RAM) and running windows 8 operating system version or later. Power BI is a Microsoft product, and it is not available for MAC operating systems. 

Google data studio is completely web-based, so you do not need to install it on your computer/pc. Directly you can access them by logging into the Google page like other Google products. 

Data source:

Power BI consists of various pre-built connectors, and they enable you to connect to a wide variety and ever-expanding data sources. PowerBI’s web connectors help you to import data from almost any data source that includes Amazon, Google, and other Microsoft competitors.

Whereas Google data Studio data connectors are much smaller and offer only 18 connectors that are built by Google. inc itself. There are also 400+ connectors built by Data studio partners. These types of connectors you get to see only for advertising, media, and content-related websites.

Data transformation:

Power BI offers a full range of data transformations by using a power Query engine. Power Query lets you perform ETL (Extract, transfer, and loading) operations on the data which you have and prepare it for visualization. Users can also make use of data analysis expression (DAX) to build formulas and expressions. Power BI has a lot of capabilities to perform data transmission operations. 

Whereas Google data studio lags behind this feature. In Google data studio, the only way to perform data transformation is by using JOIN keys. So by default google assumes that you already have clean data for the visualization.

Ease of use:

If you are familiar with MS Excel, then Power BI would be a great choice.  But to access power BI, some sort of struggle is required to connect and integrate with different data sources. Power BI has also offered better functionalities than the Google data studio and also helps you with a drag-and-drop feature. 

Whereas Google data studio is very easy to navigate and the learning curve is minimal. The user interface of this platform is extremely intuitive as long as you have clean datasets. Only one thing you need to concentrate on is a drag-and-drop feature that helps you to create quick reports.

Sharing:

In Power BI report sharing is a complex task that is compared to the Google data studio. The biggest concern is that it is impossible to share a report directly from the desktop applications. Every time you need to publish the reports in the Power BI services. However mobile applications let you share a dashboard or report directly from the application.

In power BI you can share your reports and dashboards with internal and external collaborators. 

On the other hand, sharing data with google data studio is an easier task. With the help of email or links, you can share the reports in the Google data studio. In google, the recipients dont need to pay any subscription fees because Google offers a free google data studio tool.

Mobile compatibility:

Power BI consists of the native applications for Android, Windows, and IOS smartphones. In Power BI smart mobile application, you can perform the below vital tasks:

  • Visualizing data reports
  • Filtering of the data from a report.
  • Adding notes to the reports.
  • Getting a notification and setting alerts.
  • Exploring on-premise data reports.

Whereas Google data studio does not have a mobile application version so that users can visualize the data reports using the mobile browser, editing the report could be a challenging task. 

Community and online resources:

We already know that Microsoft Power BI has a huge knowledge base community to learn and resolve the issues about the platform usage. When you login into the communities, you will get to see a lot of content which are related to the platform guide. For example, themes gallery, custom visual studios, data stories gallery, developer, etc.

Similarly, Google data studio also has robust communities. Here the community gallery section of this tool gives you access to various third-party visualization widgets. 

Cost:

Power BI desktop is free but can be accessed only by beginners who want to know the basic things about the tool. For the business purpose, you need to share a desktop, and the cost it will going to charge is $9.99 per user/per month (premium subscription). Power BI Pro is a cloud-based application that can be used for collaboration, sharing, publishing, etc. If you are an expert, and you want power BI for both the on-premise and cloud-based reporting, support for big data and analytics, dedicated cloud computes, and storage resources you can opt for Power BI premium at $4995/year. 

Whereas the Google data studio is free to use application. And all you need is just a Google account.

Functionalities:

Power BI tool is available for both beginners and advanced level experts due to its tons of data manipulation features. It also helps you to access data through the data visualization elements like charts, bars, tables, graphs, etc. one more functionality of the Power BI is, the tool gets refreshed itself  8 times a day.

Whereas Google data studio comes up with fewer features when compared to the Google data studio as it is only a data visualization application. However, its in-memory BI engine is a powerful feature that helps users to eliminate the data visualization lags, especially used for the larger number of data sets. The Google data studio application gets refreshed itself every 12 hours.

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Pros and Cons of the Power BI:

First, let’s start with the Power BI:

Advantages of the Power BI:

Below are the primary advantages of the Power BI:

Offers easy data exploration and data visualization:
This is the world of data exploding, this tool offers the ability to explore valuable data and also perform data visualization tasks to get greater results. When compared with other business intelligence tools, I think this is an awesome tool in the data visualization process.

Acts as a managed self-service Business intelligence tool:
This Microsoft business intelligence tool provides an effective self-service business intelligence tool. The MSBI also acts as a Microsoft Excel that is used by everyone in their day-to-day activities to produce and report the data analytics.

This tool makes use of Native MS excel features:
The MSBI tool makes use of Microsoft Excel features to the core in order to produce effective data analysis. By using excel Microsoft excel features it’s very easy to collect data from multiple data sources.

MSBI tool supports Web service applications:
MSBI tool works well with programming languages like .NET and SQL database servers to build an effective web service application and also offers abundant benefits to the clients.

End-to-end Business solutions:
MSBI provides you with a great business solution for your organization and enables users to make effective business decisions. This tool offers entire top-to-bottom business solutions.

Data warehouse applications:
Business intelligence tools offer greater data analytical solutions. You can collect the data warehouse from various sources. This type of warehousing is more suitable to extract the information to carry out the data analytical task effectively.

Limitations of the Microsoft Power BI:

Below are the few drawbacks of the Microsoft Power BI:

  • This tool is very difficult to implement. You need to loop them in the development team, the IT team to get it executed.
  • To implement row-level security in Power BI and tie your web application users with Power BI users.
  • With users coming and leaving an organization, it becomes a nightmare to manage.
  • Requires considerable investment.
  • You need to buy a premium capacity.
  • Not feasible for pro users.
  • Still users need to visit your web page and the information is not delivered to them.

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Advantages of the Google data studio:

Below are the few benefits of the Google data studio;

It’s a free tool to use:
If you have a Google account, then it’s free to access the tool.

Offers customized report dashboard:
 Google data studio tool allows users to customize the report dashboards with a wide range of text formatting options available such as designs, Styles, graphs, and text headers. If you have new raw data, that will be customized on the dashboard based on your requirement with the help of this pre-built text formatting feature.

Here are some of the things you can format the data:

  • Page layout
  • Text formats 
  • Graphs 
  • Metrics
  • Style element

Offers modern and interactive data visualization:

In Google data studio with the help of a few clicks, you can easily create an engaging and visually appealing dashboard that will attract your audience for sure.

Automated report sharing dashboards:
Google data studio allows you to build an automated report sharing dashboard with the help of real-time data, this process saves your time while reporting.

Offers shareable dashboards:
Google data studio offers a sharing dashboard with the users for multiple tasks. This feature also helps you to communicate among peers and business partners.

You can share the report with the help of these things:

  • Link sharing 
  • Email permissions.
  • Schedules email deliveries.

Limitations of the Google data studio:

Here are the few drawbacks of the Google data studio:

  • Lack of real-time updates with respect to the dashboard.
  • Slow speed in case of live connections.
  • There is no on-premise deployment option available.
  • Lack of native data connectors availability.
  • A limited number of charts per dashboard report
  • Limited interaction with the elements.

Which is the best tool between Power BI and Google data studio?

Here we come to the conclusion part of the article, you can make use of Google data studio sources such as Google data analytics with the data that is readily usable, no need for sharing any complex information. Google data studio tool is a good fit for quick reporting. Most importantly it is a free tool to use unless you need some data connectors.

On the other hand, we have Power BI, this tool is used if you have a wide variety of data transformation options, all you need is a BI tool that has advanced features like greater data transformation capabilities, customization options, and if you don’t mind in paying. Power BI is a powerful robust data visualization and analytical tool, it requires some sort of excel knowledge to perform Power BI dashboards.

You can choose the tool as per your requirements, and data connectivity sources.

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Final thought:

We tried to clear all our audiences’ doubts regarding choosing the best tool between Google data studio and power BI. Both the tools are scalable and robust to use and configure. In this Power BI VS google data studio post, we have mentioned major differences based on the different categories, pros, and cons of the tools.

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