Freivogel Findings — Joint Representation, Changing Firms, Ethical Screening, Corporate Families Insurance Defense


Bill Freivogel has been busy indeed spotting interesting updates!Presented with our thanks are several of his April highlights:

  • Chaowai 101 AOA LLC v. 101 A of A LLC, 2026 NY Slip Op 31493(U) (N.Y. S. Ct. N.Y. County April 9, 2026).
    • “Very complicated LLC ownership case. Law Firm started representing an LLC that owned a NYC building. Resulting from a number of disagreements, Law Firm wound up not representing the LLC/owner, but representing a prospective new member of the LLC/owner. LLC/owner moved for Law Firm to turn over its files relating to this matter and to disqualify Law Firm from representing the new LLC member”
    • “In this Order the justice ordered Law Firm to turn over certain of its files, but not others, and ordered Law Firm not disqualified from representing the new LLC member.”
  • In re Arbit, 2026 WL 1078065 (Fed. Cir. April 21, 2026).
    • “Individuals A, B, and C are ‘named inventors’ of the patent in question (‘the Patent’). C filed this case against A and B ‘for correction of inventorship,’ to establish C as the sole inventor of the Patent. Evidently, A and B would like to sell their interest in the Patent to Lincoln Diagnostics (‘Lincoln’).”
    • “Lincoln is paying A and B’s legal fees for this case. When C learned of Lincoln’s role, C moved to disqualify the law firm (‘Law Firm’) for A and B. C did not claim he was a former client of Law Firm.
    • “The magistrate judge granted the motion to disqualify, and the district judge affirmed. In this Order the Federal Circuit denied A and B’s petition for mandamus (affirmed the district court). The court discussed primarily N.J. Rule 1.8(f)(2), which deals with abuses from litigants’ accepting compensation from non-parties. [Our note: No one raised or discussed standing. We get how these payment arrangements can be abused, but nowhere has C shown how this arrangement threatens the fair administration of justice, or how he is otherwise prejudiced.]”
  • N.L. v. J.D, 2026 NBKB 77 (CanLII) (Ct. K.B. N.B. April 20, 2026).
    • “Mother and Father are litigating an issue relating to their child. Lawyer, at Firm 1, represented Mother for several months. Lawyer then moved to Firm 2, which represents Father.”
    • “Mother moved to disqualify Firm 2. In this Decision the court denied the motion. Before Lawyer’s move, Firm 2 began erecting a screen between Lawyer and the lawyers representing Father including instructing personnel on their contacts with each other, maintaining locked files and so forth, all in compliance with New Brunswick Rule 3.4-20.
  • Boyd v. H&R Accounts, Inc., No. 25-12834 (E.D. Mich. April 17, 2026).
    • “Plaintiff, represented by Lawyer, is suing a debt collection agency (‘H&R’) for violating debt collection laws. H&R moved to disqualify Lawyer because Lawyer had previously represented debt collection agencies affiliated with H&R in matters substantially related to this one.”
    • “In this thoughtful and comprehensive opinion the court granted the motion to disqualify. Lawyer had never represented ‘directly’ H&R or its corporate parent. However H&R has been a member of a closely related collection of agencies, a several of which Lawyer has represented in a number of cases.”
    • “The issues in those cases were largely similar to the issues here. A number of corporate officials have overlapped with various of these agencies, including the ‘Chief Compliance Officer,’ with whom Lawyer has worked closely. In short, ‘the Court finds that no amount of effective and careful lawyering can obviate the concerns raised in this case.’”
  • Pan-Oceanic Eng’g Co., Inc. v. Grange Mut. Ins., 2026 IL App (1st) 250511-U (Ill. App. April 14, 2026).
    • “Illinois prohibits casualty insurers from insuring punitive damages in many situations. In this case an insured went to trial in a vehicle accident case facing claims of compensatory and punitive damages. One of several issues was whether the insurer’s retained ‘panel counsel’ (‘Lawyer’) had a conflict of interest.”
    • “In this opinion the appellate court described the ways Lawyer did have a conflict. Lawyer had previously alerted the insured of the advisability of hiring independent counsel, but the insured agreed to allow Lawyer to proceed for insured.”
    • “The court held, given the conflict, the insurer must pay Lawyer an hourly rate greater than that of panel counsel. We are not giving you the full picture, given the limitations of this site. The court’s discussion is totally about Illinois insurance law and seems of limited use elsewhere.”



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Recent Reviews


Coffee and energy drinks are popular sources of caffeine, but may have different health effects.Credit: Health / Getty Images
Coffee and energy drinks are popular sources of caffeine, but may have different health effects.
Credit: Health / Getty Images
  • Both coffee and energy drinks can vary in caffeine content.
  • Moderate caffeine consumption is recommended for reducing the risk to your heart.
  • Energy drinks have been shown to cause heart problems, but more research is needed.

Coffee and energy drinks are popular options for a quick energy boost. Both caffeinated beverages can support physical endurance, alertness, and reaction time. However, they can also increase heart rate, reduce steadiness, and increase your added sugar intake.

Which One Will Give You More Energy?

Coffee and energy drinks can both range in caffeine content, which can affect their impact on energy levels. Coffee drinks vary in caffeine based on the brew method and bean type, but on average, a cup (8 ounces) of coffee contains about 113-247 milligrams of caffeine.

Standard 16-ounce energy drinks can contain anywhere from 70 to 240 milligrams of caffeine. Concentrated 2-2.5 ounce energy shots pack about 113-200 milligrams of caffeine in a much smaller volume.

It's important to be aware of how much caffeine you’re consuming and check nutrition labels. However, energy drink manufacturers aren’t required to disclose the caffeine content.

Which Has a Greater Impact on Heart Health?

Research shows consuming high levels of caffeine can raise your blood pressure and heart rate, as well as affect your heart’s rhythm. This risk is especially high for children since their cardiovascular and nervous systems aren’t fully developed.

Coffee's effect on heart health is more widely researched than that of energy drinks. Evidence suggests that moderate coffee drinking can support heart health, while heavy consumption increases heart disease risk. How you prepare your coffee also affects the way it impacts your heart. Boiled coffee, like the kind you can make with a French press, can increase your cholesterol levels. High amounts of caffeine can also have negative effects on the heart, so many people with existing heart conditions choose decaf coffee out of caution.

Some case studies show that energy drink consumption can harm heart health, even in young people, but more research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this. Some of the more severe cases include sudden death from drinking an energy drink.

What Other Ingredients, Besides Caffeine, Can Affect My Health? 

Coffee and energy drinks aren’t just pure caffeine. It’s important to consider their other ingredients when thinking about how they can impact your health. Early research suggests some of the cardiovascular effects of coffee and energy drinks may be more related to other ingredients than caffeine.

For example, energy drinks can contain a range of other ingredients, such as guarana (which contains additional caffeine), sugar, B vitamins, and other energy-boosting compounds. Both coffee drinks and energy drinks can contain high amounts of added sugar. Energy drinks can also interact with alcohol and prescription or illicit drugs, causing negative health effects.

Risks of Having Too Much Caffeine

Whether you choose coffee, an energy drink, or another caffeinated drink for your energy boost, it’s important to watch how much caffeine you’re consuming per day. Adults without underlying health conditions should limit their total caffeine intake per day to 400 milligrams. People who are pregnant or breastfeeding should stick to half of that limit, or about 200 milligrams. You can always check with your healthcare provider about your individual health status and their recommendations for your caffeine levels.

If you consume too much caffeine, you may notice:

  • A faster heart rate or a racing heart
  • High blood pressure
  • Trouble sleeping
  • Anxiety or jitters
  • Nausea or an upset stomach
  • Headache

If you’re choosing an energy drink, research suggests having only one drink at a time, with a max of two per day, for safer outcomes.



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