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SIEM Qradar | Features of IBM SIEM Qradar


A brief introduction to IBM SIEM Qradar:

SIEM Qradar is a powerful security intelligence tool and offers cross-environment support. SIEM Qradar is a child product of the company “IBM”. The main aim to develop this tool is to provide accurate detection and prioritize the threats across multiple enterprises. This SIEM Qradar also offers data intelligent insight that helps the team to notify and respond quickly to any threat incident that happens. IBM SIEM Qradar can also be implanted in a cloud environment and on premise infrastructure to protect the data and devices. The core functionalities of IBM SIEM Qradar included are data collection and flow collections. Flow data consists of information about network activity information and hosts information between any two networking servers.

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Overview of IBM SIEM Qradar:

As we discussed above, IBM SIEM Qradar is a security and data protection platform, mainly developed to secure the business data, reduces risk, and protect the device from any kind of threats. There are various IBM SIEM Qradar console components are available such as Qradar product interface, flow views, administrative functions, asset information, reports, real time events, and offenses. Sometimes this Qradar acts as a host between any two networking sessions to protect the business data. One more important function of SIEM Qradar is to collect the IDS AND IPS cisco events with the help of SDEE protocol or commonly known as “Security device event exchange”.

The architecture of Qradar:

The Qradar architecture defines the core functionality and work nature of the system. In this section, we are going to determine the overall functionality of Qradar:

The following diagram explains the Qradar Architecture:

IMAGE

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The core functionalities of IBM SIEM Qradar included are data collection, process, integrate, aggregate, and store them in an appropriate data base management system. Qradar platform makes use of these data to manage network security by offering real-time information, monitoring, and responds to various network threats. IBM SIEM Qradar architecture is based on a modular architecture that supports real-time data visibility of any information technology information, and also helps for threat detections. There are various Qradar modules included are Qradar platform, Qradar vulnerability, Qradar data manager, Qradar risk manager, and Qradar incident forensics. The Qradar security intelligence platform composed of three layers they are data collection, data searches, and data processing.

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Qradar core components:

The following are the IBM SIEM Qradar core components, they are;

1. Qradar Console:

a. Qradar console offers the user interface, real time data events, administrative functions, offenses, and asset information.

b. In the distributed Qradar data deployment, we make use of the Qradar console to manage the networking hosts and components functionalities.

2. Qradar event collector:

a. The Qradar event collector helps to collect the events from remote and local log sources and then normalizes the raw data log source events.

b. Usually these event collectors are types of bundles and coalesces identical events to transfer the data to the data processor.

c. The event collector does not store the events locally and parse the events for storage.

d. This event collector will be assigned to an EPS license that matches the Qradar event processor.

3. Qradar Event processor:

a. This Qradar event processor helps to process the events that are collected from one or more event collectors.

b. The event processor processes the Qradar events with the help of the Customs Rules engine (CRE). These events are predefined and execute the action that is specified for the rules.

c. Each event processor consists of local storage and the data will be stored on the Qradar processor.

d. You can also add an event processor component to an all-in-one appliance and each event processing function will be moved from the all-in-one appliance to the Qradar event processor.

4. Qradar Qflow collector:

a. The Qradar flow collector helps to collect the data flows by connecting them to the SPAN port or any networking TAP portal.

b. These types of Qradar Qflow collectors are not designed for full packet capture systems. To get the full packet capture you need to review the incident forensic options.

c. User can also install a Qradar Qflow collector on their own hardware system and also enables you to make use of Qflow collector appliances.

5. Qradar flow processor:

a. The Qradar flow processor helps to flow data from one or more Qflow collector appliances. The flow processor appliance can also be used to collect the external networking data flows they are Net Flow, S flow, and J flow.

b. User can also use the Qradar flow processor appliance to scale the Qradar deployment to maintain the higher data flow per minute.

c. This type of flow processor consists of on board data flow processor and internal storage.

6. Qradar data nodes:

a. This Qradar data node supports new and existing Qradar deployment to ass appropriate storage and processes them as per your requirement.

b. Qradar data node also helps to increase the data search speed and offers more hardware resources to run your device.

7. Qradar App host:

a. This Qradar App host is used to manage the network host to run your applications. App host offers extra data storage, CPU resources, and Memory for your application without affecting the processing capacity of the Qradar console.

b. The applications such as User behavior analytics and machine learning analytics need more resources on the Qradar console.

Qradar appliances:

The following are the various Qradar appliances:

1. Qradar security intelligence platform appliances:

IBM Qradar security intelligence platform is very comprehensive, offers next-generation security solutions and risk management appliances. This appliance offers services like integrated log management, event management, and security services.

2. Qradar security management appliances:

This is a Qradar network security management appliance and related software application. This offers enterprise-level integration with an integrated framework that helps to combine disparate networks.

3. Qradar QFLOW collector appliances for security intelligence:

This IBM Qradar Qflow collector mainly used for security intelligence management appliances and this offers advanced network data analytic solutions.

Features of IBM SIEM Qradar:

Below are the advanced features of IBM SIEM Qradar:

1. Task scanner – the task scanner component scans the specified properties, on a scheduled time intervals. This scanning mechanism executes the tasks when the property value matches a specified value.

2. Script Engine – this scripting engine is a pluggable component module that provides the triggering and plugin points for the Identity management system. It can be performed using JavaScript and Groovy programming language.

3. Policy Service – This component used to apply the validation procedures to objects or properties, when they are updated or created.

4. Audit Logging – Audit logging performs the logging activities of all the relevant system users and also configures the log stores. This uses the reconciliation data as a base for reporting and activity logs to capture the internal and external object’s operations.

5. Repository – This component abstracts the pluggable persistence layer. IDM framework modular provides Reconciliation of data and synchronization with several external data stores like relational databases (RDBMS), LDAP data servers, CSV, and XML files.

The Repository API component uses the JSON-based object model with RESTful automation tool principles. The main purpose of using this component is for testing and embedded instances for Qradar services.

Benefits of IBM SIEM Qradar:

Below are the key benefits of IBM SIEM Qradar:

1. Easy to deploy, scalable model using stackable distributed appliances.

2. Qradar doesn’t require any storage database management system.

3. Offers automatic failover and disaster recovery.

4. Cloud environment, on premise, and hybrid deployment.

5. Software, hardware, and virtual resource deployments.

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Conclusion:

In this IBM SIEM Qradar blog, we have tried to cover basic to core concepts of Qradar and to write them in an understanding purpose we have taken expert guidance. SIEM Qradar is an IBM product and mainly used to protect the business data, devices, and software components from any malware attacks and threats. One more important point to be considered here, this Qradar tool can also be deployed on cloud and on premise environment. If you are working as a security architect, then this blog will be more beneficial.



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What is XPath in Selenium


What is XPath in Selenium – Table of Content

What is XPath in Selenium?

Selenium is an open-source, most popular web automation testing tool that supports multiple browsers & OS. XPath in Selenium is an XML Path and a syntax useful for locating an element on a web page. Locating any element on the web page uses XML path or XPath expression. Further, XPath in Selenium is useful for navigating through the HTML structure of the web page. 

Moreover, XPath uses HTML DOM structure to find any element on a web page for both HTML and XML documents. 

The syntax for XPath In Selenium 

XPath in Selenium holds the element’s location on the web page. The basic syntax for XML Path Selenium is as follows-

Xpath=//tagname[@attribute="value"]

The meaning of each expression in the syntax is-

  • // : Choose the existing node.
  • Tagname: Particular node’s tagname.
  • @: This symbol denotes the “Select” attribute.
  • Attribute: Node’s attribute name.
  • Value: Attribute’s Value.

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XML Document

The XML documents are the text files that contain XML data, including elements and other markups, in a sequential package. Further, it can include a wide variety of data such as numbers databases, numbers of a mathematical equation, etc. You can understand XML document with an example:-

 Kumar
   AK & Co.
    032456123

Here, the above code is divided into two parts- Document Prolog & Document Elements. Let us discuss them in brief.

Document Prolog

The document prolog appears at the top of the document, beforE the root document element. It includes XML and Document type declaration. 

Document Elements

These major building blocks of XML segregate the document into different sections. Each of these document sections perform a particular purpose. Moreover, you can easily segregate a document into different sections so that search engines can use it. Further, these document elements can be the containers having text and other elements combined. 

Types of XPath

  1. Absolute XPath:
  2. Relative XPath:
Absolute XPath

In Selenium, the absolute XPath is the direct path to find the element. This Xpath begins with the “/” (Slash) symbol and helps select the element from the root. The major drawback of this XPath is that if you change the path of the element or attribute, the absolute XPath will fail.

Relative XPath:

The Relative XPath in Selenium begins with the double forward slash “//” symbol and from the middle of the HTML DOM. You can search elements anywhere on the web page as it doesn’t need to write a lengthy Xpath. This XPath is mainly considered as it is not a complete path from the root element.

For example: //input[@id=‘ap_email’]

Suppose You launch Google Chrome and navigate to google.com. Then locate the search bar utilising XPath. By analysing the web element there is an input tag and attributes like class and id. Utilise the tag name and given attributes to create XPath that will locate the search bar.

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Click the Elements tab and press Ctrl + F to open a search box in chromes developers tool.  Write XPath string selector and it will try to search based on that criteria. In the image given above, it has an input tag.  //input implies tagname. Use the name attribute and pass ‘q’ as its value. It provides XPath expression as shown below:

//input[@name=’q’]

XPath string

It has focused on the element that implies this specific element was located utilising XPath.

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XPath Functions

Automation utilizing Selenium is unquestionably an incredible innovation which gives numerous approaches to distinguish an article or component on the website page. Be that as it may, in some cases we do deal with issues in recognizing the articles on a page that have similar credits. Some cases can be: components having similar credits and names or with more than one button with similar name and ids. It’s trying to train selenium to distinguish a specific item on a website page and it is the place where XPath functions to serve as the hero. 

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Types of XPath Functions

Selenium involves different functions. The three of the most broadly utilized functions are given below:

1) Basic XPath

The basic XPath expression selects nodes or a list of many nodes based on various elements or attributes such as ID, Name, ClassName, etc. It selects them from the XML documents. The syntax we can use for the basic XPath is –

Xpath=//input[@name="uid"
2.Contains()

It is a method used in XPath expression when the value of an attribute or element dynamically changes. You can easily find the elements with a partial text using the “Contains” feature in the XPath expression. Now understand this with the below example.:-

Xpath=//*[contains(@type,'sub')]

The above example denotes that the full value of the element type is submitted, but we use the partial text ‘sub’ here to find the element. Thus, in the above example, we tried to find the element by giving a partial text of the attribute “submit”. 

3) Using OR & AND

Here, we use two conditions, first or second condition, among which one condition must be “True” to execute it. This method is still applicable if any one or both conditions are “true”. It means that any conditions should be true to find the element. The expression we can use for this is-

Xpath=//*[@type="submit" or @name="btnReset"]

The above XPath expression will help determine whether a single or both conditions are ‘True’.

Similarly, in the “And” XPath expression, also we use two conditions, but both conditions should be “true” to locate the element. If any one of the conditions becomes “false”, then the expression cannot find the element. The syntax we can use for this function is-

Xpath=//input[@type="submit" and @name="btnLogin"]
4) Xpath Starts-with

The function Xpath-Starts-with() in the Xpath functions is useful to find the element whose attribute value changes in some conditions. Here the value changes with the refresh of the page or by performing dynamic actions on the webpage. In this method, the initial text of the attribute should be in parallel to locate the element whose attribute value changes interactively. 

Further, you can also find the elements whose attribute value doesn’t change or remain static. You can understand this function’s use by the following example:-

Xpath=//label[starts-with(@id,'message')]

The above syntax shows that two different elements start with the initial id “message”. Here, you can use the Xpath-starts with function to check whose attribute value changes or remains static.

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5) XPath Text() Function

In Selenium WebDriver, the function XPath Text() is a built-in function useful to locate elements based on the web element’s text. Using this function, you can find the same text element. Moreover, the elements that you locate must be in a string format.

Xpath=//td[text()='UserID']

Using the above expression having text function, you can locate the element that will show the exact match of the text.

6) XPath axes methods

This method in XPath functions is useful for finding complex or changing elements. However, we can see the following XPath axes methods which we can use:-

  1. a) Following- It is useful to select all the elements in the document of the existing node(). The expression you can use for this method is-
 Xpath=//*[@type="text"]//following::input
  1. b) Ancestor- The ancestor axes method is useful to select all the ancestor elements of the existing node, like parents, grandparents, etc. Here, the expression you can use is-
Xpath=//*[text()='Enterprise Testing']//ancestor::div
  1. c) Child- This axes method selects all the child elements in the documents’ current node. The expression you can use here is-
Xpath=//*[@id='java_technologies']//child::li
  1. d) Preceding- This method helps select the nodes that come before the existing ones. Here is the example expression:-
Xpath=//*[@type="submit"]//preceding::input

The above expression helps to identify all the input elements before the currently given nodes.

  1. e) Following-sibling- This method helps to select the following siblings of the existing node. All the siblings will be equivalent to the existing node, and the method will find the sibling next to the existing node. Moreover, the syntax you can use here for this method is-
xpath=//*[@type="submit"]//following-sibling::input
  1. f) Parent- It helps to select the parent from the existing node of the element. The following is the syntax you can use here.
Xpath=//*[@id='rt-feature']//parent::div

Many div(s) match with the parent, but if you want to focus on a specific element. For this you can use the below xpath syntax-

Xpath=//*[@id='rt-feature']//parent::div[1]
  1. g) Self- In this method, it selects the existing node where it selects itself only. That means the node here is the “self”. The expression you can use for self is-
Xpath =//*[@type="password"]//self::input
  1. h) Descendant- It helps to select the descendants of the existing element where it recognizes all the element descendants of the existing element. 
Xpath=//*[@id='rt-feature']//descendant::a

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Conclusion

XPath or an XML Path is used to locate any element or navigate through the HTML structure of a webpage. It is generally used for automation purposes and in cases where it is difficult to find elements using locators like name, class, ID, etc. However, it is the most important among the locators useful in Selenium to identify web elements. Also, it is a handy locator for the testers of web pages.

Thus, learning about XPath in Selenium will help you quickly identify a web element on a web page. 

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