Data Science vs Business Analytics


1. What is Data Science?
2. What is Business Analytics?
3. Key Differences Between Data Science and Business Analytics
a.Basic Definition
b. Type of trends
c. Type of Data
d. Coding or Programming languages
e. Companies 
4. Data Science vs Business Analytics
Roles and Responsibilities
Career path
Skills required
Type of Data
5.Conclusion

The popularity of Data Science has increased rapidly in the past few years and continues to increase with every passing data. As the organisations continue to create massive amounts of data, the implementation of Data Science becomes an obvious scenario.

If any company wishes to grow along with enhancing its user satisfaction, Data Science is something they need. Data Science uses modern techniques and tools to draw insights from that data which helps in making effective business decisions. It also uses several complicated Machine Learning algorithms to form predictive models. 

Business Analytics is a practice used by companies to figure out what is happening in their business and how they can improve it. It helps in the overall decision making along with some future planning. 

Since every company today is producing chunks of data, they need some data-oriented methods to draw insights from their past and present data to understand their loopholes which in turn helps them make some strategies keeping the current market trends in mind. 

Now, when you know the basics of both Data Science and Business Analytics, it’s time to dive in deep and understand the main differences between the two popular terms.

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Key Differences Between Data Science and Business Analytics

There are several steps that are common in both like data gathering, data modelling, and drawing insights from that data. But, this is definitely not it, Data Science and Business Analytics are two big oceans that might meet somewhere, but are entirely different.  

Let’s have a look at the differences between the two in elaboration.

Basic Definition

Data Science as the name suggests is the science of data, i.e. study of data using several Machine Learning algorithms, statistical tools, and other technological support. It is a combination of diverse fields like programming skills, mathematical principles, analytical thinking, and domain expertise to draw insights from huge amounts of data.

Business Analytics focuses on the business data and uses several analytical tools to draw insights from that data eventually scaling the business. It is a data-driven approach that focuses on historical data, identifying trends from there, checking out if there is any pattern and if there was a problem, what is the root cause of that problem. 

Type of trends

Data Science focuses on all the trends and patterns leaving no page unturned to make an effective business model.Business Analytics revolves around the trends and patterns that reveal insights related to a particular business. 

Type of Data

Data Science focuses on all types of data structured, semi-structured and unstructured data. To understand that structured data is highly refined and everything is just in front of your eyes, unstructured data is all complicated with no clarity on the type of data. So, Data Science uses several tools and techniques to work on different types of data. Business Analytics is concerned with organisational data. It uses several data analytics tools and other statistical principles to explore the organisational data and have an effective decision-making process.

Coding or Programming Languages

Data Science requires some rigorous algorithmic coding, statistical tools, and other analytical work to draw insights from tons of data. Languages like R and Python are widely used in several Machine Learning algorithms. Also, when unstructured data is concerned, knowing a programming language is a must. Apart from R and Python, you can also choose to learn C, C++, Perl and Java.

Business Analytics requires minimum coding as it is mostly focused on drawing insights using several statistical methods. Even if there is something advanced to be done, you can use advanced statistical methods as mostly the data is concerned with a single problem. So, business analytics tools like Tableau and Splunk are enough to draw insights from the organisational data. 

Companies 

Data Science is used in several big sectors today like e-commerce, machine learning, design and manufacturing, and marketing and finance. Data Science helps companies to understand how they can use their data effectively, whether it is about taking important business decisions or hiring more employees or even keeping a check on the workflow. 

Business Analytics is used in industries like healthcare, marketing and finance, supply chain, and telecommunications. The biggest advantage of using business analytics is the reduction of risk as when the decisions are made using Business Analytics there are several factors covered like customer data, their preferences, market trends, the popularity of products etc, which may be missed otherwise. 

Now, when you know the difference between Data Science and Business Analytics, let’s distinguish between a Data Scientist and a Business Analyst.

Data Scientist vs Business Analyst

Data Science is way bigger than Business Analytics and considers several factors that Business Analytics doesn’t even think of. While Business Analytics just focuses on business-related issues, Data Science even digs into the influence of factors like weather, customer preference, and several seasonal factors.

Let’s understand the differences between the two on a professional level, i.e. the differences between a Data Scientist vs. a Business Analyst.

Roles and Responsibilities:

Roles and Responsibilities of a Data Scientist include extracting and organising data. They draw meaningful insights from that data which could be structured or unstructured. To do all of it, they must have good knowledge of Machine Learning, Statistics, Probability, and other mathematical skills. Furthermore, they must have a firm grip on concepts like Python, R, Spark, Hadoop, and Tensor flow.

The roles and responsibilities of a Business Analyst include communicating with clients and providing them with business solutions. They must have great interpersonal and management skills to assist clients in designing and implementing relevant technical solutions. Along with all the assistance, they are always on their A-game in monitoring the overall business growth.

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Career path – The future

No matter what the sector is, be it healthcare, finance, management or transportation, the data needs to be taken care of and insights must be taken from that data for that industrial segment to grow. So, to make sure this happens, companies are looking for experts and no doubt Data Scientist is one of those job roles that are in most demand today and are one of the highest paying jobs in the world. The demand for Data Scientists is not going to reduce anytime soon considering the rapid production of granular data across the globe. 

Business Analyst is one of those jobs that report a great level of work-life balance and job satisfaction. Again, it is one of those job roles that have a lot of openings in the market and one of the well-paid jobs too. Business Analysts are in great demand among organisations that are looking forward to scaling their businesses and improving their overall performance. The best part is the role of a Business Analyst is not limited to one designation, it changes from company to company. There are several roles that you can pursue if you have expertise in Business Analysis like Network Analyst, Project Manager, Data Analyst, and Business Consultant.

Skills required

Skills required to be a Data Scientist include: 

Python – Data Science requires a firm hold of programming languages. When it comes to programming in Data Science, Python is one of the most widely used programming languages as it is easy to use and highly adaptable, even for people without a coding background.

Keras – Keras is used for artificial neural networks as they provide a python interface. Hence, they are used when it comes to experimentation with neural nets, that too at a great speed. 

PyTorch – PyTorch is another deep learning framework extremely popular for its agility and compatibility with the Python framework. The framework simplifies the overall process to create an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). 

Computer Vision – Computer Vision enables the Data Science systems to extract knowledge from images and videos to make necessary decisions. 

Deep Learning – Deep Learning is something that makes the entire Data Science system more accurate as it enables the creation of extremely complex models.

Natural Language Processing – Natural Language Processing or NLP is something that is bridging the gap between Data Science and humans, by teaching computer systems how to read and interpret like humans. 

Problem-solving – Problem-solving just doesn’t refer to the problem that is in front of you, being a Data Scientist you are responsible for solving problems that may be hidden.

Analytical Thinking – Data Scientists must have an eye for detail and analyse problems before actually starting to deal with them. It is important to examine the problem from all verticals and then reach an effective conclusion. 

Skills required to be a Business Analyst include: 

Programming skills – Programming Skills are not a must for a Business Analyst, but having some is always a plus. For example – knowledge of R and Python can help you in a quick and effective analysis of data.  

Statistical analysis – Business Analysis requires a good knowledge of statistics and knowledge of different statistical methods to interpret real-world situations.  

Business Intelligence tools – Business Intelligence or BI tools enable you to understand different trends and insights from business data, which is important to make impactful decisions. 

Data mining – Data mining is one of the important skills of Business Analysis as it is about digging relevant information from chunks of data. So, companies use software to look for patterns and graphs in data and make relevant business decisions accordingly.

Analytical problem-solving – Business Analysts are about solving issues coming from customers or other stakeholders, so having the skill of analytically solving problems is a must. 

Data visualisation – To make any important and accurate business decisions, the first and foremost step is to visualise or examine data chunks to understand market trends and loopholes.

 Type of Data

Data Scientists work on both structured and unstructured data to fetch insights from huge chunks of data.

Business Analysts are just concerned about the structured data. They work on that data with several Business Intelligence tools to draw insights. 

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Conclusion

By now, you would be well versed with everything you need to distinguish between the two most popular terms today – Data Science and Business Analytics. You began with learning the basics of the two and once you knew their basics you went on to differentiate between them.

While we were checking the differences between Data Science and Business Analytics, we checked several parameters to differentiate them and saw how they are different in the current scenario. While one is more technical and broad, the other one is comparatively less technical but a lot business-oriented and comparatively more specific. 

You not only learned about the difference between the two huge concepts but also saw their differences on the professional level by finally distinguishing between a Data Scientist and a Business Analyst. In that segment you saw how one of them has to be proficient at coding and several statistical tools, after all, they operate on both structured and unstructured data, while the other one needs Business Intelligence tools to work on structured data and draw relevant business insights.

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Normalization in SQL Server – Table of Content

What is Normalization?

Normalization is the organization of data using a set of rules called normal forms while designing a database. It helps improve data accuracy and integrity while reducing data redundancy and inconsistent dependency. It was developed by IBM researcher Edgar Frank Codd in the 1970s to increase data and relational clarity in a database. The process includes organizing data in tabular formats and defining relationships among them. Codd proposed the relational model of databases and introduced the Normal Forms. Most practical applications of database organization can be achieved using the Third Normal Form. But still, some dependencies could exist so in 1974, he was joined by Raymond F. Boyce to develop a stronger version of 3NF, the Boyce-Codd Normal Form.

Types of Normalization

The set of rules used to create a database are called ‘forms’, these help in measuring the level of normalization of an entity. The different types of Normalization Forms are as follows:

1. First Normal Form (1NF):

1NF divides the database into logical units called ‘tables’ consisting of unique values in each related field making it easy to search, filter, and sort the information. While normalizing a database for 1NF a Primary key i.e. a single column is allotted to each data category. It helps in the redevelopment of the raw database into a manageable record. The primary key may consist of a combination of columns and the set is known as Composite Key.

2. Second Normal Form (2NF):

 2NF is the schema of further breaking down the tables based on the partial dependency of data on the primary key. The specific units have a full functional dependency that applies to a single column of Primary key. The entity must completely comply with relationship rules of 1NF to be considered for 2NF and there shouldn’t be any partial dependency. A table with a Composite Primary Key must be split into 2 to generate a foreign key. The foreign key will be the column that references the Primary Key of the other table.

3. Third Normal Form (3NF):

 The objective of entities eligible for 3NF is to eliminate non-dependent data while addressing the update anomaly. The inconsistency of the database following an update is called transitive dependency. Removal of these transitive dependencies leads to normalization from 2NF to 3NF. This is the ideal form of normalization of almost all tables.

4. Boyce Code Normal Form (BCNF):

Redundancies arising from functional dependencies are resolved by 3NF but any anomalies arising from additional constraints are handled through BCNF, also known as 3.5NF. A 3NF table or relation without a transitive dependency is in BCNF.

5. Fourth Normal Form (4NF):

At the 4NF level there are no non-trivial multivalued dependencies other than a candidate key. A relation from a table in the BCNF, without multi-value dependency, only can be in the 4NF.

6. Fifth Normal Form (5NF):

5NF is also known as project-join normal form (PJ/NF). It reduces redundancy in relational databases by isolating semantically related multiple relationships. For a table to be in 5NF its non-trivial join dependency should be implied by candidate keys.

7. Domain/Key Normal Form (DKNF):

DKNF is a stricter normal form than 5NF and it removes any additional type of dependencies and constraints. The main requirements for a 5NF to qualify for DKNF are that each constraint on the table should be a logical consequence and non-existence of all constraints other than domain and keys. Also, there shouldn’t be any insert or delete anomalies in the database. Specifying general integrity constraints is tough so the practical use of DKNF relation is limited.

8. Sixth Normal Form (6NF):

6th normal form is not a standardized form but a table eligible for 5NF only can qualify for 6NF. To be in the 6NF a relation should not contain any non-trivial join dependencies. It is stricter and less redundant that DKNF. The relational variables of entities in this form become irreducible components.

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Importance of Database Normalization

Normalization of operational data stores (ODSs) and data warehouses (DWs) helps in the following ways:

1. Consistency: As all information is stored in a single place, any chances of inconsistency are ruled out.

2. Object-to-data mapping: Normalized data schemas help with object-oriented goals.

3. Flexibility: Data values can be easily added to rows.

4. Accessibility:  Normalized data can be easily accessed, processed, and understood.

5. Uniqueness: Data redundancy is minimized.

Advantages of Normalization

Database Normalization is used to design an organized and managed database to maintain accuracy and enhance productivity. The main advantages of normalizing a database are:

  • Organization of the database through normalization improves data accuracy and reduces redundant data.
  • Data consistency and flexibility improves the logical usage of data.
  • Enhanced database security.
  • All necessary functional dependencies are handled during the normalization process.
  • Makes Index searching easier as the indexes tend to be narrow and short.

What is TSQL?

TSQL is an abbreviation for Transact-SQL or T-SQL. It is a set of proprietary extensions to SQL (Structured Query Language) created by Sybase and owned by Microsoft since 1987. This procedural language expands the Microsoft SQL Server standard with extra features such as declared variables, transaction control, stored procedures, error and exception handling, triggers, string operations, etc. TSQL is used to operate SQL server-based relational databases. It is easier to understand and Turing complete. All interactions with a SQL Server through an application are carried out by T-SQL.

The dominant features of TSQL are:

1. It is a procedural programming language used to create applications.

2. Generates compact and readable codes that are less vulnerable.

3. Support functions for string processing, date and time processing, and mathematics operations.

4. Availability of user-defined custom functions.

5. Offers developers flexible control over the application flow through local variables.

TSQL Functions

Functions can be defined using TSQL beyond the built-in functions of SQL Server.

There are four types of T-SQL functions:

Aggregate functions: 

These deterministic functions operate on a collection of values to calculate one summary value. The values of multiple rows are submitted as input to obtain a more significant value.

Ranking functions:

These are nondeterministic functions that return a ranking value for every row in a partition. The ranks for rows with the same values will be the same.  

Rowset functions:

These nondeterministic functions return an object that can be used as a view or table reference in SQL statements. Their results may vary against the same set of input values.

Scalar functions:

These user-defined functions operate on a single value and return a single value. It helps in simplifying a code but cannot be used to update data.

Analytical functions:

These functions support TSQL to perform complex tasks and enable expression of common analysis such as ranking, percentiles, moving averages, and cumulative sums in a single SQL statement.

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Differences between SQL and T-SQL

The differences between SQL and T-SQL are:

  • SQL is an open-format programming language that works for various data providers and TSQL is its proprietary extension designed specifically for Microsoft SQL Server.
  • SQL is used for implementing reporting techniques while TSQL is useful for the installation of Microsoft SQL servers using applications.
  • SQL is a data-oriented language as it operates over data sets while TSQL is a transactional language.
  • SQL can process basic queries but TSQL can be used to create applications and add services to them.
  • At a given time only a single statement can be processed using SQL while a load of statements can be processed using different control and iteration structures of T-SQL.
  • SQL can be embedded into TSQL but the vice versa isn’t possible.
  • Unlike SQL, TSQL is Turing complete and more robust.
  • Unlike SQL, T-SQL offers easy integration with Microsoft Business Intelligence tools like PowerBI.

Advantages of TSQL

TSQL helps in fast-paced development through better interaction with the SQL Server. The advantages of using TSQL are:   

  • TSQL offers modular programming and its extensions enhance its programmability.
  • Increased reliability and proprietary security of the server.
  • Efficient handling of sensitive data to reduce security threats.
  • Minimizes traffic over the server while easily managing complex tasks.
  • Allows incorporation of programming logic into the database.
  • Provides better control over the database instance.

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 Conclusion

Normalization aids in the easy organization of a database and TSQL assists in writing compact codes. Using these two concepts together makes the database and codes more readable and less vulnerable. The main areas of focus while using these will be designing tables as per the database architecture, reviewing and optimizing Query performance, and scaling the database by implementing it on the cloud. Using these in combination will help developers integrate Microsoft Business Intelligence for business analytics.

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