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How Trump went from threatening Iran's annihilation to agreeing to a 2-week ceasefire with Tehran



President Donald Trump, over the course of a single day, went from threatening Iran with “annihilation” to proclaiming that the battered Islamic Republic's leadership had presented a “workable” plan that led him to agree to a 14-day ceasefire that he hopes will pave the way to end the nearly six-week war.

The dramatic shift in tenor came as intermediaries led by Pakistan worked feverishly to head off a further escalation. Even China, Iran's biggest trading partner and America's most significant economic competitor, quietly pulled strings to find a path toward a ceasefire, according to two officials briefed on the matter who were not authorized to comment publicly and spoke on the condition of anonymity.

“The reason for doing so is that we have already met and exceeded all Military objectives, and are very far along with a definitive Agreement concerning Longterm PEACE with Iran, and PEACE in the Middle East,” Trump said in a social media post Tuesday announcing the temporary ceasefire. It came about 90 minutes before his deadline for Tehran to open the critical Strait of Hormuz or see its power plants and other critical infrastructure obliterated.

But even as the White House was celebrating the moment as a victory, the fragile ceasefire appeared in danger of falling apart Wednesday as the U.S., Iran and Israel offered differing statements on what was included in the deal less than 24 hours after it was brokered.

Iran insisted that an end to the Israeli war in Lebanon was part of the ceasefire agreement with the U.S. But Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Trump said the truce did not cover Lebanon and the Israeli operations there continued.

The U.S., meanwhile, demanded that Iran make good on reopening the strait after the Islamic Republic closed the waterway in response to Israel's intensifying attacks against the Hezbollah militant group in Lebanon.

Trump to hold talks with NATO secretary-general

The president was to meet at the White House with NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte on Wednesday, with the emerging plan to reopen the strait expected to be at the center of their talks. Trump has been angry that NATO member countries ignored his call to help reopen the vital waterway as gas prices soared during the war.

As the deadline neared, Democratic lawmakers decried Trump's threat to wipe away an entire civilization as “a moral failure." Pope Leo XIV warned that strikes against civilian infrastructure would violate international law and said the Republican president's comments were “truly unacceptable.”

In the end, Trump may have backed down because of a simple truth: Escalation could risk involving the United States in the sort of “forever war” that had bedeviled his predecessors in the White House and that he had vowed he would keep the U.S. out of if voters elected him again.

Controlling the strait would have been long and costly

As Trump boasted about U.S. and Israeli military success over the past six weeks, he appeared to be working from the premise that he could bomb Iran into capitulation.

Starting with the killing of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in the opening salvos, he seemed to discount that the Iranian leadership could opt for a long and bloody war.

The Islamic Republic over the past 47 years has shown it is willing to dig in, even when it appears to America to be working against its own self-interest.

The clerical leadership held Americans hostage for 444 days, from late 1979 to early 1981, at the cost of the country’s international standing. The mullahs allowed the Iran-Iraq war to go on for years, leaving hundreds of thousands dead. Iran stood by Hamas after the Oct. 7, 2023, attack that ultimately defanged the Iran-backed group in Gaza as well as Hezbollah in Lebanon, and created the conditions that led to the collapse of Bashar Assad's government in Syria, an authoritarian rule supported by Tehran.

Iran's leadership exuded confidence that it could bog down the world's superpower in a costly and extended conflict even if it might not defeat the U.S. military.

Defense analysts largely agreed that the U.S. military could quickly take control of the narrow Persian Gulf waterway between Iran and Oman through which roughly 20% of the world's oil flows on any given day. But maintaining security over the strait would require a high-risk, resource-intensive operation that could be a yearslong American commitment.

Ben Connable, executive director of the nonprofit Battle Research Group, said securing the strait would require the U.S. military to maintain control of about 600 kilometers (373 miles) of Iranian territory, from Kish Island in the west to Bandar Abbas in the east, in order to stop Iran from firing missiles at passing ships. It is a mission that Connable said would likely require three U.S. infantry divisions, roughly 30,000 to 45,000 troops.

“This would be an indefinite operation — so, you know, think: be ready to do this for 20 years,” said Connable, a retired Marine Corps intelligence officer. “We didn't think we were going to be in Afghanistan for 20 years. We didn’t think we’re going to have to be in Vietnam as long as we were, or Iraq.”

The two-week ceasefire includes allowing both Iran and Oman to charge fees on ships transiting through Hormuz, a regional official said. The official said Iran would use the money it raised for reconstruction.

White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt on Wednesday noted that Trump has considered the idea of a toll for vessels passing through the strait. But in the near term, his priority “is the reopening of the strait without any limitations, whether in the form of tolls or otherwise.”

Vance played a bigger role close to the deadline

The White House confirmed that Vice President JD Vance will lead the U.S. negotiating team in talks with Iran aimed at finding a permanent end to war.

The delegation is also expected to include special envoy Steve Witkoff and Trump’s son-in-law Jared Kushner. The talks are expected to begin Friday in Pakistan.

“Vice President Vance has played a very significant and a key role in this since the very beginning,” Leavitt said.

Trump’s deadline was nearing with no resolution in sight when Vance, who has long pushed for restraint in U.S. military intervention overseas, got roped into the conversation, according to an official from one of the mediating countries who was briefed on the matter and spoke on the condition of anonymity to share sensitive diplomatic discussions.

Vance, who was traveling in Hungary in support of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán before upcoming elections, said Wednesday that the agreement with Iran was “a fragile truce.”

“I think if they negotiate in good faith, we will be able to find a deal. That’s a big if. And ultimately, it’s up to the Iranians how they negotiate. I hope they make the right decision,” said Vance, who was to travel back to Washington on Wednesday before heading to Islamabad.



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Array length in JAVA | How to Find Array Length in Java


Introduction to Array length in JAVA:

The length of the array describes the number of elements used in Java. As java is not a Size associated, so Array length helps to overcome it.

Here length applies to array in java, and Size applies to a Java   ArrayLISTcollection object.

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Java ‘Length’ Attribute:

The number of elements is used in the array during its declaration; we can call it as Size or length of the array. For example;

int len1 = myArray.length1;

The below program illustrate the length attributes of the Array elements in JAVA:

Import java.util.*; // built-in library
Class Main1
{
   Public static Void main1 (string [] args)
    {
      Integer [] intArray1 = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}; // integer value
       String [] strArray1 = { “one”, “two”, “three”}; // string array elements
                   //Print each array and their corresponding length
        System.out.printIn (“integer array contents: “+ Array.to string (intArray1));
        System.out.printIn (“the length of the Integer array stored: “+intArray1.length);
       System.out.PrintIn (“string Array contents: “+ Arrays. ToString (strArray1));
       System.out.PrintIn (“The length of the String array: “+ strArray1. Length);
      }
}
 The output:
Integer Array Contents: {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
The length of the Integer array: 5
String Array Contents: [one, two, three]
The length of the String array: 3
The above java program reads the length of the given elements and displays the length along with the contents of two different arrays (integers and strings).

Till now I have explained the simple program, now it’s time to learn how to use array in different situations.

They are:

·        Mainly to search for the specific element value in the array.

·        While searching for minimum or maximum values in the array.

Let’s discuss these two different situations in details:

Searching for a value using Length attributes:

As we discussed earlier, iterations can be done through an array using its length attributes. The loop condition in any program will iterate all the array elements one by one until it reaches (length-1) elements. (Since array count in java starts from 0).

Here we are going to use Loop condition to search if a specific value is present in the array or not. To do this, you need to traverse through the whole array until the loop reaches the last element. While performing traversing, each element in the condition will be compared with the existing value to be searched. If any value matches then loop traversing will be stopped as well as program will be terminated.

The below program explains the searching for a data value in an Array:

Import java.util.* ; //built-in library
Class Main
{
Public static void main (string [] args)
      {
         String[] strArray1 = { “UNIX” , “Python”, “ Ruby”, “ Java”, “C” }; // array of string
 
   // searching for the string using a search value function 
       
System.out.printIn (searchValue (strArray, “R”)?” value R found” : “value Java not found”);
 System.out.printIn (searchValue (strArray, “Ruby”)?” value Ruby found”: “value Ruby not found”);
}
 Private static Boolean search value (String [] search array, string lookup)
   {
    If (searchArray! = null)
          {
          int arraylength = searchArray. Length; // compute array length
             for (int i=0; I 
                {
                    String value = searchArray[i];
                     If (value. Equals (lookup))
                             {
                                 Return true;
                             }
                    }
        }
 Return false;
       }
The Output:
Value R not found
Value Ruby found

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In the above program example, we have an array of a few programming language names. We have used the function “search value”, this function searches the particular programming language names. In this example, we have used the for loop in the search value function to iterate through the array and it will be searched for the specified names.

Once the correct name is found, then the SearchValue function returns true. If the name is not found then the SearchValue function returns false.

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Find the Minimum and maximum values in an Array:

In this section, here you can also traverse the array values using the attribute lengths and which enables you to find the minimum and maximum elements in an array.

As we know that the array may or may not be sorted. To perform this finding minimum and maximum the array elements, you have to do the comparison with each element once all the elements in an array get exhausted and at last, you can find the maximum or minimum elements in an array, the following programs explain the concept.

The below programming example is for minimum elements in an array.

Import java.util. *;
Class Main
 {
Public static void main (String [] args)
    {
      Int [] intArray1 = {72, 42, 21, 10, 53, 64};   //int array
          System.out.printIn (“the given array: “+ Arrays. ToString (intArray));
       Int min_val = intArray1 [0];            //assigning first element to min value
       Int length = intArray1. Length;
        For (int I = 1; I 
       {
                Int value = intArray1 [i];
                 if (value 
              {
               Min_val = value;
            }
   System.out.printIn ( “ the min value in the array: “ +min_Val);
 
       }
}
 
Output:
The given array: [72, 42, 21, 10, 53, 64]
The minimum value in the array is: 10

In the above programming example, we have the array elements as a reference element. Then we compare all the elements in a program one by one with the reference element which we have already mentioned in the program. The SearchValue function will be picking one by one until we reach the end of the array in a program.

The next program explains how to find the largest element in an array. The program logic is similar to the previous program, but instead of finding the element which is less than the reference element, we find the greater element than the reference.

The below program illustrates how to find the greater element;

Import java.util.* ; // built-in library
Class Main
   {
  Public static void main (String [] args)
   {
      Int [] intArray1 = {72, 42, 21, 10, 53, 64};  // inserting int array elements
      System.out.printIn (“the given array elements are: “ + Arrays.tostring (intArray1));
     int max_val = intArray1 [0]; //reference elements
     int length = intArray1.length;
     for (int i=1; I 
    {
       Int value = intArray1 [i];
        If (value > max_val)
          {
                 Max_val = value;
           }
      }
      System.out.printIn (“the highest value in the array: “+max_val);
   }
 }
The output:
The given array elements are: [72, 42, 21, 10, 53, 64]
The highest value in the array: 72
In the array length, not only int elements, but we can also find the length of floating-point numbers and string elements.

The syntax is as follows:

Float size = array. Length []  // float value length

String size = array. Length [] // string values length

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Programming & Frameworks, array-length-in-java-description-0, Programming & Frameworks, array-length-in-java-description-1

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Programming example:

Public class test1
 {
Public static void main (string [] args)
  {
      Int [] array = new int [5]; //array name is of integer type
      Float [] array = new float [0.1]; //array name is of float type
         String [] array = new string [5]; // array name is of string type
          System. Out. PrintIn (“the size of “+ “the array is “+ array. Length);
         System. Out. PrintIn (“the size of “+ “the array is “+array. Length);
          System. Out. PrintIn ( “ the size of “+ the size of “ + “ the array is “ + array. Length);
 }
}
 
Output:
The size of the array is 4 // integer value
The size of the array is 0.09 // floating-point integer
The size of the array is [4] // string value
One important thing is that the array in java does not any methods to get the length of an element.

The following program illustrates the use of the function to get the length of an array.

Public class ArrayLengthJava
  {
  Private static void printArraylength (String [] myArray1)
  {
    If (myarray1 == null) // to find whether the array values are empty or not
    {
          System.Out.print (“the length of the array can’t be determined. “);
         }
    Else
{
    Int arraylength = myArray1. Length;
System. Out.printIn (“ the length of the array is: “ + arraylength);
  }
 }
 
Public static void main(String [] args)
  {
   String [] javaArray1 = { “ My”, “name”, “Adam”};
   String [] javaArray2 = { “K”, “A”};
String [] javaArray3 = {“1”, “2”, “3”, “4”};
String [] javaArray4 = { “Java”};
   PrintArrayLength (null);
   PrintArrayLength (JavaArray1);
   printArraylenghth (javaArray2);
PrintArraylength (javaArray3);
 PrintArraylength (javaArray4);
}
}
The output:
The length of the array can’t be determined.
The length of the Array1 is: 3
The length of the Array2 is: 2
The length of the Array3 is: 4
The length of the Array is: 1
If you want to access the length of an empty or any null object, a NullPointerException is raised.

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Conclusion:

In this blog, I have explained the Array length in Java with a few programming illustrations. Array length in java is mainly used to find the number of elements used in the program. I hope this blog may help a few of you to learn the basic concepts of java and its examples.

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