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Power BI Row Level Security


Introduction to Row level Security in Power BI:

Row level security in Power BI is mainly developed to restrict the data access and also secure them. In row level security, you will get a filter that restricts the data access only at the row level. With the help of row level security in Power BI, you can also define the filters along with roles. One more point to be remembered, if you are working with the Power BI tool, you should be very careful this is due to the Power BI services and members of BI workspace need to access the datasets within their workspaces. Row level security does not restrict this type of data access. 

Row level Security in Power BI

The advantage of using this Power BI enables you to configure the row level security for data models, then import them into the Power BI tool by using the Power BI desktop. Users can also configure this type of row level security on datasets which use Direct Query programs; SQL servers, and RDBMS. With the previous version of Power BI software, you were only able to implement row level security within the On-premises data analysis service model outside the power BI software tool. To perform data analysis you need to have live connections, and the security options will never show up the live connection data sets on-premises.

Defining roles and rules in row level security in Power BI desktop:

I think this is an important task; you should define the roles and rules within the Power Business Intelligence desktop. Then you also publish the definitions of the roles. This is an important task of the row level security in Power BI to define the data security roles. To perform this type of roles and rules, we have to follow the below steps:

The steps included are:

1. First you need to import your power business intelligence desktop –> then configure the Direct Query connection.

Point to remember:  You can’t define the roles within the Power BI desktop for data analysis services using live connections. All you need to do is perform data analysis services within the analysis model.

2. Then select the Modelling tab.

3. Now you need to select the Manage Roles tab.

4. Then click on the “Create” button to create the new role.

5. It’s time to provide a name for your new role.

6. Now select the database table that you want to apply DAX rules in your database connection.

7. Users need to enter the DAX expressions. This type of expression should return a Boolean result (True or false).

For example: [Entity ID] = “value”.

Note: You should use the username () with the given expression. You should be very careful that while defining the username () consists of a format of DOMAIN username within the power Business intelligence desktop.

8. Once you have created the DAX expression-> then you need to select the Check box above the expression box to validate the Boolean expression.

Note: While defining the Boolean expression box, you have to use commas to separate the DAX functional arguments and also make use of semicolon separators.

9. Then finally click on the “Save” button.

Users can’t assign the roles within the Power Business Intelligence Desktop. Users are also able to define the dynamic security along with the Power business intelligence desktop by using the expressions like username () and userprincipalname () DAX function expression.

By default, row level security in the Power BI filter makes use of single-directional filters, and you can also set the relationships in a single-direction or bi-directional connection. You can manually make use of a bi-directional connection cross filter to select the relationship and check the “Apply row level security in both the directions” checkbox. And you have to check this box to implement dynamic row level security in BI at the server level, and where you can define the row level security is based on the user name and login ID.

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How to validate the rules in Row level security in Power BI:

Once you are done with the creation of the role, you need to test the results of roles available within the Power Business intelligence desktop.

The following are the important steps involved to validate the rules used in Power BI:

The steps included are:

1. First you need to select the “view as roles” as shown in the below screenshot,

view as roles

In the “View as roles” tab, you can also see the roles which you have created as shown below;

rules in Row level security in Power BI

2. Now select the role which you have already created -> then click on the “OK” button to apply for the roles. Here the report renders the data relevant to define the roles.

3. Now you need to select the “other user” button -> then supply it for a given user. It’s always good to supply the user principal name (UPN) to define the Power BI service and Power BI report services use as shown below:

Power BI report services

4. Then click on the “OK” button and report the data renders based on what you can see on the Power BI desktop.

Within the power business intelligence desktop, other users (Non –users you can also say) are able to display the different results suppose if you are working with dynamic security based on the DAX Boolean expressions.

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How to manage row level security on your data model:

To manage the row level security on your data model, you have to follow the below steps:

The steps included are:

1. First you need to select the Ellipse (….) for the given data set.

2. Then click on the Security button. The below screenshot will explain this;

manage row level security on your data model

This will directly take you to the RLS page -> then you can add members to define the role created in your Power business desktop. Only the authorized owner of the given data set is eligible to see the security. Suppose if the dataset is available in the group, then only administrators of the group can see the security option.

You can only create or modify the row level security page on the Power BI desktop.

Working with members in row level security:

The following are the few steps included in performing this process:

1. You can add members to the roles in Power BI just by typing them in the email address, or provide the name of the user, security group details, and distribution list.

Note: you cannot add user groups that are created within the Power BI. So you should add the members external to your business organization.

The below screenshot will explain this;

Working with members in row level security

2. You can also able to see how many members are parts of the roles in a given Power BI desktop with the given role name or next to members as shown below:

Power BI desktop

Remove members from roles:

You can also remove the members just by selecting the “X” next to the user name as shown below:

Remove members from roles

Validate the role within row level security in Power BI:

To validate the roles follow the below steps:

1. First you need to select the ellipse (…) button which is next to the role.

2. Select the test data as a role as shown below:

Validate the role within row level security in Power BI

Now you can able to view the reports which are available for the role. Power BI dashboards are not presented in the view.

The below screenshot will explain this scenario:

Power BI dashboards

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Conclusion:

We can say that Row level security in power business intelligence is one of the powerful security features available for both desktop and cloud services. In recent times, one more tool also developed to offer a security service that is popularly known as Microsoft Azure- a child product of Microsoft corporations. With the help of this row level, security feature users can also modify or view the data sets in connections and also enable users to create roles to perform new or modify the already existing data sets in the database. All the modified data sets will be stored in Direct Query data sets. I think we have tried to cover up all the sections which are related to Row level security in Power BI. So this blog may help a few of you to access the secured data and also protect the business data for future purposes. 



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What is XPath in Selenium


What is XPath in Selenium – Table of Content

What is XPath in Selenium?

Selenium is an open-source, most popular web automation testing tool that supports multiple browsers & OS. XPath in Selenium is an XML Path and a syntax useful for locating an element on a web page. Locating any element on the web page uses XML path or XPath expression. Further, XPath in Selenium is useful for navigating through the HTML structure of the web page. 

Moreover, XPath uses HTML DOM structure to find any element on a web page for both HTML and XML documents. 

The syntax for XPath In Selenium 

XPath in Selenium holds the element’s location on the web page. The basic syntax for XML Path Selenium is as follows-

Xpath=//tagname[@attribute="value"]

The meaning of each expression in the syntax is-

  • // : Choose the existing node.
  • Tagname: Particular node’s tagname.
  • @: This symbol denotes the “Select” attribute.
  • Attribute: Node’s attribute name.
  • Value: Attribute’s Value.

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XML Document

The XML documents are the text files that contain XML data, including elements and other markups, in a sequential package. Further, it can include a wide variety of data such as numbers databases, numbers of a mathematical equation, etc. You can understand XML document with an example:-

 Kumar
   AK & Co.
    032456123

Here, the above code is divided into two parts- Document Prolog & Document Elements. Let us discuss them in brief.

Document Prolog

The document prolog appears at the top of the document, beforE the root document element. It includes XML and Document type declaration. 

Document Elements

These major building blocks of XML segregate the document into different sections. Each of these document sections perform a particular purpose. Moreover, you can easily segregate a document into different sections so that search engines can use it. Further, these document elements can be the containers having text and other elements combined. 

Types of XPath

  1. Absolute XPath:
  2. Relative XPath:
Absolute XPath

In Selenium, the absolute XPath is the direct path to find the element. This Xpath begins with the “/” (Slash) symbol and helps select the element from the root. The major drawback of this XPath is that if you change the path of the element or attribute, the absolute XPath will fail.

Relative XPath:

The Relative XPath in Selenium begins with the double forward slash “//” symbol and from the middle of the HTML DOM. You can search elements anywhere on the web page as it doesn’t need to write a lengthy Xpath. This XPath is mainly considered as it is not a complete path from the root element.

For example: //input[@id=‘ap_email’]

Suppose You launch Google Chrome and navigate to google.com. Then locate the search bar utilising XPath. By analysing the web element there is an input tag and attributes like class and id. Utilise the tag name and given attributes to create XPath that will locate the search bar.

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Click the Elements tab and press Ctrl + F to open a search box in chromes developers tool.  Write XPath string selector and it will try to search based on that criteria. In the image given above, it has an input tag.  //input implies tagname. Use the name attribute and pass ‘q’ as its value. It provides XPath expression as shown below:

//input[@name=’q’]

XPath string

It has focused on the element that implies this specific element was located utilising XPath.

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XPath Functions

Automation utilizing Selenium is unquestionably an incredible innovation which gives numerous approaches to distinguish an article or component on the website page. Be that as it may, in some cases we do deal with issues in recognizing the articles on a page that have similar credits. Some cases can be: components having similar credits and names or with more than one button with similar name and ids. It’s trying to train selenium to distinguish a specific item on a website page and it is the place where XPath functions to serve as the hero. 

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Types of XPath Functions

Selenium involves different functions. The three of the most broadly utilized functions are given below:

1) Basic XPath

The basic XPath expression selects nodes or a list of many nodes based on various elements or attributes such as ID, Name, ClassName, etc. It selects them from the XML documents. The syntax we can use for the basic XPath is –

Xpath=//input[@name="uid"
2.Contains()

It is a method used in XPath expression when the value of an attribute or element dynamically changes. You can easily find the elements with a partial text using the “Contains” feature in the XPath expression. Now understand this with the below example.:-

Xpath=//*[contains(@type,'sub')]

The above example denotes that the full value of the element type is submitted, but we use the partial text ‘sub’ here to find the element. Thus, in the above example, we tried to find the element by giving a partial text of the attribute “submit”. 

3) Using OR & AND

Here, we use two conditions, first or second condition, among which one condition must be “True” to execute it. This method is still applicable if any one or both conditions are “true”. It means that any conditions should be true to find the element. The expression we can use for this is-

Xpath=//*[@type="submit" or @name="btnReset"]

The above XPath expression will help determine whether a single or both conditions are ‘True’.

Similarly, in the “And” XPath expression, also we use two conditions, but both conditions should be “true” to locate the element. If any one of the conditions becomes “false”, then the expression cannot find the element. The syntax we can use for this function is-

Xpath=//input[@type="submit" and @name="btnLogin"]
4) Xpath Starts-with

The function Xpath-Starts-with() in the Xpath functions is useful to find the element whose attribute value changes in some conditions. Here the value changes with the refresh of the page or by performing dynamic actions on the webpage. In this method, the initial text of the attribute should be in parallel to locate the element whose attribute value changes interactively. 

Further, you can also find the elements whose attribute value doesn’t change or remain static. You can understand this function’s use by the following example:-

Xpath=//label[starts-with(@id,'message')]

The above syntax shows that two different elements start with the initial id “message”. Here, you can use the Xpath-starts with function to check whose attribute value changes or remains static.

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5) XPath Text() Function

In Selenium WebDriver, the function XPath Text() is a built-in function useful to locate elements based on the web element’s text. Using this function, you can find the same text element. Moreover, the elements that you locate must be in a string format.

Xpath=//td[text()='UserID']

Using the above expression having text function, you can locate the element that will show the exact match of the text.

6) XPath axes methods

This method in XPath functions is useful for finding complex or changing elements. However, we can see the following XPath axes methods which we can use:-

  1. a) Following- It is useful to select all the elements in the document of the existing node(). The expression you can use for this method is-
 Xpath=//*[@type="text"]//following::input
  1. b) Ancestor- The ancestor axes method is useful to select all the ancestor elements of the existing node, like parents, grandparents, etc. Here, the expression you can use is-
Xpath=//*[text()='Enterprise Testing']//ancestor::div
  1. c) Child- This axes method selects all the child elements in the documents’ current node. The expression you can use here is-
Xpath=//*[@id='java_technologies']//child::li
  1. d) Preceding- This method helps select the nodes that come before the existing ones. Here is the example expression:-
Xpath=//*[@type="submit"]//preceding::input

The above expression helps to identify all the input elements before the currently given nodes.

  1. e) Following-sibling- This method helps to select the following siblings of the existing node. All the siblings will be equivalent to the existing node, and the method will find the sibling next to the existing node. Moreover, the syntax you can use here for this method is-
xpath=//*[@type="submit"]//following-sibling::input
  1. f) Parent- It helps to select the parent from the existing node of the element. The following is the syntax you can use here.
Xpath=//*[@id='rt-feature']//parent::div

Many div(s) match with the parent, but if you want to focus on a specific element. For this you can use the below xpath syntax-

Xpath=//*[@id='rt-feature']//parent::div[1]
  1. g) Self- In this method, it selects the existing node where it selects itself only. That means the node here is the “self”. The expression you can use for self is-
Xpath =//*[@type="password"]//self::input
  1. h) Descendant- It helps to select the descendants of the existing element where it recognizes all the element descendants of the existing element. 
Xpath=//*[@id='rt-feature']//descendant::a

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Conclusion

XPath or an XML Path is used to locate any element or navigate through the HTML structure of a webpage. It is generally used for automation purposes and in cases where it is difficult to find elements using locators like name, class, ID, etc. However, it is the most important among the locators useful in Selenium to identify web elements. Also, it is a handy locator for the testers of web pages.

Thus, learning about XPath in Selenium will help you quickly identify a web element on a web page. 

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