Will a jet fuel shortage really snarl Europe flights this summer?


It’s been a nerve-wracking few days for travelers with upcoming trips to Europe, including those planning to make the transatlantic trek for the upcoming summer travel season.

Concerns over a growing shortage of jet fuel on the continent have raised fears about potential flight cancellations if things don’t improve.

This week, European Union leaders said that as of now, there’s no immediate cause for alarm, and airports are seeing “no evidence of actual shortages” yet.

“Nonetheless, we need to be prepared,” Apostolos Tzitzikostas, the EU commissioner for sustainable transport and tourism, said Tuesday at a news conference.

Travelers should be, too.

Which airports could be affected by the European jet fuel shortage?

Fears over airports potentially running out of jet fuel spiked earlier this month, when the head of the International Energy Agency warned Europe had “maybe six weeks or so” of jet fuel left.

Those concerns, of course, came amid a global oil crisis triggered by the conflict in the Middle East — the same oil crunch that has driven up gas prices and triggered major airfare increases worldwide.

Airline passengers at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG) in Paris. NATHAN LAINE/BLOOMBERG/GETTY IMAGES

So far, we haven’t seen mass flight cancellations tied to the shortage of jet fuel in Europe.

TPG spoke with experts who predicted flight cutbacks (if they do happen) would likely begin at smaller airports in the region as opposed to major international hubs like Heathrow Airport (LHR) or Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG).

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“My bet is that fuel shortages would start at secondary and tertiary airports that don’t have fuel farms while the major hubs would be insulated for a bit longer,” Mike Stengel, principle at the aerospace consultancy AeroDynamic Advisory, said.

British Airways Embraer 190 at London City Airport (LCY). SEAN CUDAHY/THE POINTS GUY

For that reason, I’d be less worried about that transoceanic flight on a big twin-aisle plane than I would be about that short-haul flight from one off-the-beaten-path European city to another.

Case in point: I just booked a June trip to Europe. My concern about the Aer Lingus flight across the Atlantic from Washington, D.C., to Dublin is low. I’ll be keeping a closer eye on the short jaunt from Split, Croatia, to Copenhagen.

Tips for navigating European travel

If you’re planning to “hop around” Europe in the coming months, I’d build some buffer time into your itinerary and keep an eye out for backup flight options. Or, you can opt to take the train instead.

Also, consider booking flexible hotel stays (that aren’t prepaid) to avoid losing your deposit if your itinerary gets off track — though you’ll still have to watch for reservations with fees if you cancel at the last minute. You can also typically accomplish the most flexibile rules by booking your reservations with points.

Backup plans in motion

Should the global oil shortfall not improve in soon, EU leaders said they’d plan to tap the region’s emergency jet fuel reserves.

Tzitzikostas said the EU was already working on securing an “alternative jet fuel supply” for Europe, including from the U.S.

Terminal 5 at London’s Heathrow Airport (LHR). JORDAN PETTITT/PA IMAGES/GETTY IMAGES

“Airlines may also have some tools at their disposal like tankering fuel — where they would carry more fuel than needed for a given flight — so they can transport it to their hubs in an effort to relieve supply constraints,” Stengel told TPG. Although, he was also quick to point out: “It’s a fluid situation, and we’ll have to see how things play out in the coming days and weeks.”

Have flight cancellations begun in Europe?

Airlines have already begun cutting flights, to be sure. But those cancellations have largely been tied to the sky-high price of jet fuel.

Most notably, Lufthansa Group announced more than 20,000 cancellations between now and October across its key hubs in Frankfurt, Munich, Zurich, Vienna, Brussels and Rome.

That included shuttering its CityLine subsidiary, as TPG previously reported. Lufthansa Group is the parent company of a host of European airline brands, including Lufthansa, Swiss, Brussels Airlines, Austrian Airlines and ITA.

Lufthansa CityLine aircraft parked at Munich Airport (MUC). SVEN HOPPE/PICTURE ALLIANCE/GETTY IMAGES

Those cuts to “unprofitable routes” were primarily finance-driven, though the company did point out those cancellations would save 40,000 metric tons (about 10.5 million gallons) of jet fuel.

Cancellations through May 31 have already been announced, with the rest to be revealed by the end of this month.

Bottom line

Unfortunately, we may see more flights affected if the oil supply chain bottleneck doesn’t ease soon.

You can read more of our tips about navigating European travel during this crisis here, including our thoughts on passenger rights and travel insurance.

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PeopleSoft Architecture – Table of Content

In this blog, We are going to learn about the architecture of Peoplesoft in detail. So without wasting our time, let’s get on with it.

PeopleSoft application operates under PeopleSoft Internet Architecture that needs various Hardware and Software components such as 

  • Database server
  • Process Scheduler server
  • Application server
  • Web browsers
  • Web Servers

We need to understand the role of every component before deciding the configuration options that are most appropriate for the implementation.

implementationThe requests are sent by the web browser to the web server. The web server will pass the request to the application server, which will generate the SQL to be executed in the database.

The configuration of the PeopleSoft infrastructure is not only about enabling the deployment of Internet applications via a browser. PeopleSoft allows us to benefit from many of PeopleSoft’s Internet, intranet, and back-end solutions, that includes service-orientated architecture, Performance Monitor, Feeds Framework, PeopleSoft Interaction Hub, and Search Framework.

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Database Server: 

The database server hosts a database engine and PeopleSoft application database consisting of all PeopleTools application definitions, metadata, system tables, application data, and application tables. The database server manages the connections of the application server, the connections of the development environment, and the batch programs executing against it at the same time. The PeopleSoft database is the repository of all the information that the PeopleSoft application manages. PeopleSoft application data and metadata are stored and kept up to date within the database. Application Designer is the primary tool in the development environment, allowing us to define, edit and manage this metadata that the system uses to control the execution architecture. This metadata collection specifies a PeopleSoft application.

Process Scheduler server: 

PeopleSoft Process Scheduler environment is also called the “batch” environment. This is where most of the batch programs like Application Engine programs run, and that’s where you installed the COBOL and SQR executables. In a multi-server environment, we can choose where to find your Process Scheduler environment depending on server availability and performance requirements. Within the topology of PeopleSoft, Process Scheduler can be installed on a separate server, or it may be executed on the database server or application server.

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Application servers and associated components:

Application server: It is the heart of PeopleSoft’s Internet architecture. The business logic is executed by the application server and SQL is submitted to the database server. The application server is made up of many PeopleSoft server processes that are grouped into domains. Every server process in a domain offers unique processing capabilities, allowing the application server to effectively respond to multiple transactional requests produced in the PeopleSoft architecture. Application servers need locally installed database connectivity software to keep SQL connected to RDBMS. You need to install the necessary connectivity software and related utilities for your RDBMS on any server where you plan to run the PeopleSoft application server.

Once an application server has established a database connection, any device which issues a transaction request across the application server benefits from the direct connection of the application server to the database.

  • Oracle Jolt and Tuxedo: PeopleSoft utilizes Oracle Tuxedo for managing transactions between the application server and the database. PeopleSoft uses Oracle Jolt to make it easier to communicate between PeopleSoft running on the webserver and Tuxedo running on the application server. Oracle Tuxedo and Jolt are mandatory components of PeopleSoft’s application server.
  • Domains: A domain is a set of supporting processes, server processes, and resource managers which allows the database connections necessary to meet application requests. Every domain is managed with a separate configuration file, and every application server domain is configured for connecting to a single database. One application server machine may support more than one application server domain executing on it. Using the psadmin utility, we can configure the application server domain.
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  • Peoplesoft server Processes: When we start an application server domain, it will start all the server processes related to this domain. Many server processes are executed in a domain. Every server process creates a permanent connection to a PeopleSoft database, which acts like a generic SQL pipeline which is used by server processes for sending and receiving SQL. Every server process utilizes its own unique SQL connection to make requests from several sources easier. From an RDBMS point of view, every server process in a domain represents a logged-on user.
  • Services: When a request is submitted to the application server by a PeopleSoft application, service name and a set of parameters are also submitted like MgrGetObject and also its parameters. The transaction request is queued by the Tuxedo to a particular server process which is designed to manage certain services. When the server process starts, it informs the system about the predefined services it manages.
  • Listeners, Handlers, and Queues: All these Listeners, Handlers, and Queues form the basis for the functionality of a domain. They receive requests, direct the requests, store the requests, follow-up requests, and respond to return requests.

Web Servers:

A Java-compatible web server is needed for extending the architecture of PeopleSoft to the Internet and intranet. When Peoplesoft Internet Architecture is installed on the webserver, a collection of Java servlets was designed to handle a wide variety of PeopleSoft transactions from the Internet or Intranet.

PeopleTools supports and offers the following standard web servers to be used in the PeopleSoft implementation:

  • IBM WebSphere
  • Oracle WebLogic
  • PeopleSoft Servlets

The following are the PeopleSoft servlets available on the webserver:

  • PSIGW:
  • Portal
  • PSEMHUB
  • PSINTERLINKS
  • Report Repository

Web browsers:

Peoplesoft Applications and administrative tools can be accessed by the supported Web browser. It is unnecessary to install any other software on the workstation that runs the browser, like the connectivity software or the downloaded applets.

PeopleSoft only sends the following elements to the browser:

As the browser only handles this core Internet content, the client workstation is not overloaded by an unnecessary processing responsibility. The entire process is performed at the server level.

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Conclusion: 

In this blog, we have gone through the architecture of Peoplesoft and the components of Peoplesoft architecture. I hope you found this information useful.

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